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ESA1 Callum's cards > TOB S11 - Innate and Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

TOB S11 - Innate and Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the humoral components of the innate immune system?

A

Transferrin and lactoferrin

Interferons

Lysozyme

Anti-microbial peptides

Fibronectin

Complement

TNF-alpha

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2
Q

What are the cellular components of the cellular innate immune system?

A

Macrophages and Monocytes

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils and Mast cells

Natural Killer cells

For the functions of these cells as per learning objective 10.4 and 11.1, see TOB - S10

There are no cards on their functions in this deck

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3
Q

What is the function of transferrin and lactoferrin?

A

Deprive micro-organisms of iron

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4
Q

What is the function of interferons?

A

Inhibit viral replication

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5
Q

What is the function of lysozyme?

A

Break down the peptidoglycan cell wall in bacteria

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6
Q

What is the function of fibronectin?

A

Opsonisation of bacteria hence promoting phagocytosis

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7
Q

What is the function of complement?

A

Opsonisation

Cause destruction of micro-organisms directly or with the help of phagocytic cells

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8
Q

What is the function of TNF-alpha?

A

Suppress viral replication and activate phagocytes

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9
Q

What are the humoral components of the adaptive immune system?

A

Cytokines

Perforin

Antibodies

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10
Q

What are the cellular components of the adaptive immune system?

A

Lymphocytes:

T Helper cells

T Killer cells

B cells

Additional cards on the function of these cells can be found in TOB - S10

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11
Q

What is the function of cytokines?

A

Promotes the differentiation and proliferation of lymphocytes

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12
Q

What is the function of perforin?

A

Released by T Killer cells and destroys cell walls

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13
Q

What is the function of antibodies?

A

Protect the host by:

Neutralisation (prevents binding to epithelia)

Opsonisation

Complement activation (enhances opsonisation and lysis)

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14
Q

Describe the function of inactivated T Helper cells

A

Become activated when CD4 binds to a specific antigen on the antigen complex of an antigen presenting cell

Once activated it clones itself into active T helper cells and T memory cells

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15
Q

What is the function of a T Killer cell?

A

Releases perforin and other proteins that induce apoptosis in an antigen presenting cell that has been ‘marked’ by antibodies.

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16
Q

What is the function of B cells?

Hint: Different types

A

Divide to form plasma cells and and B memory cells when activated by T-helper cells

Plasma cells produce large amounts of an antibody

B memory cells retain antibodies for previously encountered antigens to allow fast response upon antigen reintroduction

17
Q

What are the main differences between innate and adaptive immunity?

A

Innate:

Immediate response to infection

Present from birth

Non-specific

Not enhances by 2nd exposure

No memory

Poorly effective without adaptive response

Adaptive:

Delayed response to infection

Arises from exposure to micro-organisms

Specific pathogen immunity

Enhanced by second exposure

Acquires memory

Poorly effective without innate immunity

18
Q

Label the red and blue lines and explain what the graph shows

A

Blue line = Innate immune system

Red line = Adaptive immune system

Graph shows very simply how innate immune response is much faster than adaptive response, howerver adaptive response lasts far longer than innate response

19
Q

This graph shows how immune response is insuffiecient if innate or adaptive immune systems aren’t present

What does this imply about immune function?

A

Implies interdependence and cooperation between innate and adaptive immune systems

20
Q

What is opsonisation?

A

The coating of a micro-organism by antibodies or complement to render it recognisable as foreign by phagocytes, thus enhancing phagocytosis

21
Q

Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system, but what is their involvement in the adaptive immune system?

A

Release of cytokines which stimulate production of lymphocytes

Act as professional anti-body presenting cells which can be recognised and destroyed by T Killer cells

22
Q

Antibodies are compnents of the adaptive immune system, but what is their involvement in the innate immune system?

A

Activates complement, enhacing phagocytic response

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