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GERMANY ESSAY PLANS > To what extent was the Nazi policy of Gleichschaltung successful in the years 1933-1939? > Flashcards

To what extent was the Nazi policy of Gleichschaltung successful in the years 1933-1939? Flashcards

1
Q

What is Gleichschaltung? (GST)

A

A Nazi policy designed to implement a loyal regime across the nation

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2
Q

What 3 terms can be used to describe how GST was implemented?

A

Coercion (fear), Persuasion (offering peoples interests) and Incentive (money/land)

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3
Q

What was it an establishment of?

A

A totalitarian system of the state

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4
Q

Was GST a success or failure? why?

A

Success - large % of population affected and many were convinced but most were afraid to speak out - wouldn’t go against it

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5
Q

Why was the Climate of fear relatively successful?

A

Coercion was high and people felt forced to do certain things

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6
Q

Why didn’t the Climate of fear produced genuine support?

A

People were only supporting due to fear of punishment

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7
Q

Who ran the Gestapo?

A

Himmler

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8
Q

How many agents were active?

A

4000/30,000

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9
Q

Why was the Gestapo inefficient?

A

Corruption, not enough agents to keep it up

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10
Q

Who were the SS?

A

Hitler’s elite bodyguards, lead by Himmler, who ran concentration camps

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11
Q

How did the SS impose fear?

A

Violence and terror - Night of the Long Knives

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12
Q

Who were the Red Orchestra?

A

A group that printed anti-Nazi leaflets and distributed them into GER

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13
Q

What was a ‘cell’ basis?

A

You are part of a wider organisation in a group - only know who is in your group

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14
Q

Who were the Kreisau Circle?

A

Pre-Nazi era influential individuals (all despised Hitler)

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15
Q

What was KC’s plan in 1938

A

Assassinate Hitler and replace him with Beck

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16
Q

Why was the KC a failure?

A

Hitler’s success in Austria ensured they didn’t create a military coup - fears they may be less popular than Hitler

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17
Q

Why did opposition groups fail?

A
  • Disorganised
  • Different objectives
  • Need for constant secrecy
  • Unable to publicise views
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18
Q

Why was the climate of fear a success?

A

Ensured people wouldn’t speak out due to punishment - death toll/concentration camps very imposing

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19
Q

Why was the climate of fear a failure?

A

People able to migrate/escape to other nations before legilsation was strict

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20
Q

Why was the Olympics a big success for Gleichschaltung?

A

Globalised Hitler’s leadership skills and potential as a fuhrer

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21
Q

How much was spent on the Olympic complex?

A

42 million reichsmarks

22
Q

How many people could the stadium seat?

A

110,000

23
Q

Who made the film ‘Olympia’ and when?

A

Leni Riefenstahl - 1936

24
Q

How many languages was ‘Olympia’ broadcasted in?

A

28

25
Q

What did GER achieve in the Olympics?

A

Top of medal table/89 gold medals

26
Q

What newspaper was liquidated and when?

A

‘Frankfurter Zeitung’ and 1933

27
Q

Why was radio effective by 1939?

A

Radios were everywhere by 1939 - shops, restaurants, town squares etc

28
Q

Who owned 2/3 of the press?

A

Nazi publishing house

29
Q

Why was propaganda a sucess?

A

Propaganda was virtually everywhere in Nazi life - radio, film, literature etc

30
Q

What were the 2 organisations for women?

A

National Socialist Womanhood and German Women’s Enterprise

31
Q

How many women were members of these organisations?

A

Several million

32
Q

Why did professional women suffer?

A

Women in higher ranks/civil service dismissed

- Senior legal positions were banned

33
Q

What were young women discouraged from?

A

University and work

34
Q

What language did the government ban women from learning and when?

A

Latin 1937

35
Q

Why was this ban (language) influential?

A

Latin required to go to university

36
Q

What organisation was introduced for teachers?

A

Nationalist Socialist Teachers League May 1936

37
Q

What was the NSTL responsible for?

A

Political indoctrination of teachers - many were already Nazi

38
Q

Why did Nazis introduce strong indoctrination in schools?

A

To prepare them for adult Nazi life

39
Q

What were syllabuses focused on?

A

Nazi ideology - focuses on Germany, Biology and History

40
Q

Why was it effective that schools were indoctrinated?

A

Nazi propaganda would have reached 100% of children - school is compulsory

41
Q

Why was Nazism in universities less effective?

A

Lecturers sceptical of ideology - perceived it irrelevant to their chosen subject

42
Q

Why did introduction of Nazi schools have little effect?

A

Only 10 Adolf schools opened by 1937

43
Q

Why did Nazi schools fail to attract students?

A

Children were already at grammar schools - well established

44
Q

How many people attended Hitler Youth in 1933?

A

55,000

45
Q

When did it become mandatory to go to Hitler youth and how many turned up?

A

1939 - 60% regularly

46
Q

Why was the impact of propaganda huge on children?

A

Was being forced onto them in every aspect - schools, sports clubs, social groups, Hitler youth etc.

47
Q

What youth opposition group told the people about the atrocities of the Holocaust?

A

The White Rose movement

48
Q

Who led the WRM?

A

Sophie/Hans Scholl and Chris Probst

49
Q

How did the WRM operate?

A

Handed anti Nazi leaflets around Munich - raised awareness of what Nazis were actually doing

50
Q

What happened to the leaders of the WRM?

A

Arrested and executed.

51
Q

HOW SUCCESSFUL WAS GST?

A

Largely successful in increasing support for the Nazis, widespread propaganda reached every aspect of life, especially children - hope to bring it through to the nect generation.

GERMANY ESSAY PLANS (5 decks)

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