'to be and 'to have'-- verb conjugation Flashcards
When are the es-/er- (is, are) root used in Old english?
Ordinary statements of facts
hunta ic eom— I am a hunter
When is the -b (been) root used in OE?
- The future –ge beoth englum gelice ‘You will be like the angels’
- Universal validity– is bith ceald ‘ice is cold’
Which forms do the indicative and subjunctive use?
The Wes-/wer (Was, were) forms.
Beon/ Wesan
‘to be’ (Infinitive)
ic eom/ beo
‘I am’ (Pres Indicative)
þū eart/beo
‘You are’ (Pres Indicative)
He/Heo/Hit is/biþ
‘He/she/it is’ (Pres Indicative)
We/ge/hi sind(on)/Beoþ
‘We/you/they are’ (Pres Indicative)
ic/þu/he/heo/hit sie/beo
‘I/you/he/she/it might be’ (Pres Subjunctive)
We/ge/hi sein/beon
‘We/ you/ they might be’ (Present subjunctive)
Ic waes
‘I was’ (Pret indicative)
þū waere
‘you were’ (pret indicative)
He/heo/hit weas
‘He/she it was’ (Pret indicative)
we/ ge/ hi waeron
‘We/ you/ they were’ (Pret Indicative)
ic/þū/he/heo/hit weare
I/ you/ he/ she/it might have been (pret subjunctive)
We/ ge/ hi waeren
we/ you/ they might have been (pret subjunctive)
Wesende/ beonde
Being (Present participle)
Gebeon
‘Been’ Past participle
þū wes/beo
You Be! (Imperative singular)
Ge Wesaþ/beoþ
We be!
Habben
‘to have’ (Infinitive)
ic haebbe
‘I have’ (pres Indicative)
þū haefst
‘You have’ (pres indicative)
He/ heo/ hit haefþ
‘He/ she/ it has’ (Pres Indicative)
We/ge/hi habbaþ
‘We/ you/ they have’ (pres indicative)
ic/þū/he/heo/hit haebbe
‘i/ you/she/he/it might have’ (Pres Subjective)
We/ ge/ it haebben
‘We/you/ they might have’
Ic haefde
‘I had’ (Pret indicative)
þū haefdest
‘You had’ (pret indicative)
he/heo/hit Haefde
‘he/she/ it had’ (pret indicative)
We/ ge/ hi haefden
We/you/they had (pret indicative)
ic/ þū/ he/ heo/ hit haefde
‘I/you/he/she/it might have’ had (Pret Subjunctive)
We/ge/hi Haefden
‘We/ you/ they’ might have had (Pret subjunctive)
Haebbende
‘having’ (Present participle)
Gehaefd
‘Had’ (Past participle)
þū hafa!
You have! (Imperative singular)
ge Habbaþ
They have! (imperative Plural)
