TN

Question 1

is a specialty with in Nursing focused on the comparative study and analysis of different cultures and sub-cultures.

Answer 1

Transcultural Nursing

Question 2

Various groups are examined with respect to their caring behaviour, nursing care, health and illness values, beliefs and patterns of behaviour

Answer 2

Transcultural Nursing

Question 3

Norms and practices of a particular group that are learned and shared and guide thinking, decisions, and actions.

Answer 3

Culture

Question 4

The individual’s desirable or preferred way of acting or knowing something that is sustained over a period of time and which governs actions or decisions.

Answer 4

Cultural values

Question 5

An optimal mode of health care delivery; it refers to the variability of nursing approaches needed to provide culturally appropriate care that incorporates an individual’s cultural values, beliefs, and practices including sensitivity to the environment from which the individual comes and to which the individual may ultimately return.

Answer 5

Culturally diverse nursing care

Question 6

defined transcultural nursing as: “A legitimate and formal area of study, research, and practice focused on culturally based care, values, and practices to help cultures and sub-cultures maintain or regain their health and face difficulties or death in a culturally congruent and beneficial caring ways”

Answer 6

Leininger

Question 7

“is a comparitive study of cultures to understand similarities(cuture universal) and differences(culture-specific) across human group.”

Answer 7

Transcultural Nursing

Question 8

(cuture universal)

Answer 8

Similarities

Question 9

(Culture-specific)

Answer 9

Differences

Question 10

known as the foundress of Transcultural Nursing, noted cultural differences between patients and nurses while working with emotionally disturbed children.

This experience led to study clinical difference in perception of the care.

She recognized that health and illness states are strongly influenced by culture and formulated the theory of Transcultural Nursing.

Answer 10

In 1950’s Medeleine M. Leininger,

Question 11

In 1991, she published

Answer 11

‘Culture Care Diversity And Universality: A Theory Of Nursing’

Question 12

In 1988 Transcultural Nursing Society initiated certification examinations

Answer 12

certified Transcultural Nurse (CTN)

Question 13

There are two popular models widely used in the field

Answer 13

Leininger’s Sunrise Model

The Giger and Davidhizar: ‘Transcultural Assessment Model

Question 14

The model is based on the concept of culture care and shows 3 major nursing modalities that guide nursing judgments and activities to provide ‘Culturally Congruent Care’

Answer 14

Leininger’s Sunrise Model

Question 15

3 major modalities are

Answer 15

1) Cultural care preservation/ Maintainance

2) Cultural care Accommodation/Negotiation

3) Cultural care Repatterning /Reconstructing.

Question 16

The care that is beneficial and meaningful to the people being served.

Answer 16

Culturally Congruent Care

Question 17

An optimal mode of health care delivery; It refers to the variability of nursing approaches needed to provide culturally appropriate care that incorporates an individuals cultural values, beliefs and practices including sensitivity to the environment from which the individual comes and to which the individual ultimately return.

Answer 17

Culturally Diverse Nursing Care

Question 18

This model was developed in 1988 in response to the need for nursing students in an undergraduate program to assess and provide care for patients that were culturally diverse.

Answer 18

The Giger and Davidhizar- Transcultural Assessment Model

Question 19

_____ and _____ have identified six cultural phenomena that vary among cultural groups and affect health care.

Answer 19

Giger and Davidhizar

Question 20

is the means by which culture is transmitted and preserved. Both verbal and nonverbal communications are learned in one’s culture.

Verbal and nonverbal patterns of communication vary across cultures, and if nurses do not understand the client’s cultural rules in communication, the client’s acceptance of a treatment regimen may be jeopardized.

Answer 20

Communication

Question 21

Thus, an assessment of communication should consider:

Answer 21

1) dialect,

2) style,

3) volume, including silence,

4) touch,

5) context of speech or emotional tone, and

6) kinesics, including gestures, stances, and eye behaviour

Question 22

refers to the distance between individuals when they interact. All communication occurs in the context of space.

Answer 22

Space

Question 23

There are four distinct zones of interpersonal space:

Answer 23

1) inmate zone (extends up to 1 1/2 feet),

2) personal distance (extends from 1/2 to 4 feet),

3)social distance (extends from 4 to 12 feet) and

4)public distance (extends 12 feet or more)

Question 24

refers to the social group organizations with which clients and families may identify.

Answer 24

Social organization

Question 25

Time is an important aspect of interpersonal communication. Some cultures are considered future oriented, others present oriented, and still others past oriented

Answer 25

Time Orientation

Question 26

refers to the ability of the person to control nature and to plan and direct factors in the environment.

Some groups perceive man as having mastery over nature; others perceive humans to be dominated by nature, while others see harmonious relationships between humans and nature

Answer 26

Environmental control

Question 27

For example, Asians and Native Americans may perceive that illness is a disharmony with other forces and that medicine is only capable of relieving the symptoms rather than curing the disease. These groups are likely to look for naturalistic solutions, such as herbs and hot and cold treatments to resolve or cure a cancerous condition

Answer 27

Environmental control

Question 28

Biological variations are:

Answer 28

(1) body structure,

(2) skin colour,

(3) other visible physical characteristics,

(4) enzymatic and genetic variations,

(5) electrocardiographic patterns,

(6) susceptibility to disease,

(7) nutritional preferences and deficiencies, and

(8) psychological characteristics

Question 29

Standards of Transcultural Nursing

Answer 29

Theoritical foundations of Transcultural Nursing.

Cultural information gathering.

Caring and healing systems.

Cultural health patterns and caring patterns.

Health care planning.

Evaluation.

Research.

• Professional development.