Myocardial Infarction Flashcards
Myocardial Infarction is also called “M.I.” or in more simple term:
Heart attack
It is caused by blood flow impairment to the heart due to different
factors such as formation of plaque (atherosclerosis) and blood clots
(thrombosis).
Myocardial Infarction
risk factors:
Smoking
Obesity
Hypertension
Sedentary lifestyle
High cholesterol diet
Older age (55 and above)
Family history of M.I.
Excessive alcohol
consumption
is associated with pleural conditions such as Pleuritis
(inflammation of the pleura) and pneumonia
Stabbing pain
____, especially after eating or when lying down, may mimic
angina but is a closer sign of GERD
Burning pain
______ can be an answer but crushing is more appropriate.
Squeezing type of pain along with dysphagia is more associated with
esophageal spasm.
Squeezing pain
_____ is a term, often used in medicine, that means
“characteristic for a particular disease”. A ____ sign is a
particular sign whose presence means that a particular disease is
present beyond any doubt.
Pathognomonic
HOW DO WE DESCRIBE CRUSHING PAIN???
Intensity: The pain is usually very severe, often described as one of the most
intense pains a person has ever experienced.
Quality: It feels as though something extremely heavy, like a weight or an
object, is pressing down on the chest, as if the chest is being “crushed”.
Location: The pain is usually centered in the chest but can radiate to other
areas, such as the arms (especially the left arm), jaw, shoulders, or back.
Duration: Crushing pain associated with myocardial infarction typically lasts
for several minutes and does not relieve with rest or change in position.
The pathognomonic sign of M.I. is called “_____”.
it is characterized by a clenched fist held over the chest to describe
ischemic chest pain
Named after Samuel A. Levine (1891–1966), an influential American
cardiologist, who first observed that many patients with chest pain
made this same sign to describe their symptoms
Levine’s sign
an ____ is the primary diagnostic tool for
detecting myocardial infarction. It provides a quick and non-invasive
way to assess for signs of ischemia, infarction, or other cardiac
abnormalities that require immediate attention.
ecg
This is a diuretic used in conditions like heart failure
or fluid overload but is not a first-line emergency treatment for MI.
Furosemide
______ is used to manage blood sugar levels in diabetic
patients but is not specifically indicated in the emergency
management of MI unless there is a concurrent issue with
hyperglycemia.
Insulin
This is an antibiotic used for bacterial infections and
has no role in the acute management of myocardial infarction.
Amoxicillin
are a class of drugs primarily known for their cholesterol-lowering effects, but their
benefits in the context of myocardial infarction (MI) extend beyond just lowering LDL cholesterol.
Statins
WHAT ARE THE S/SX OF BLEEDING (HEMORRHAGE)?
- Tachycardia (Increased Heart Rate):
- Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure):
- Tachypnea (Increased Respiratory Rate):
- Decreased Oxygen Saturation (SpO2):
- Cool, Clammy Skin:
- Pallor (Pale Skin):
- Weak, Thready Pulse:
- Altered Mental Status (Confusion, Restlessness, or Unconsciousness):
