TMS

Question 1

When was TMS discovered?

Answer 1

1832

Question 2

What are phosphenes?

Answer 2

Perception of light

Question 3

How can you induce phosphenes?

Answer 3

Stimulating the retina with TMS

Question 4

When was the first successful magnetic stimulation of the CNS?

Answer 4

1985- research kicked off in the 90s

Question 5

How does TMS work?

Answer 5

Based on the principle of magnetic field
Current going in particular direction
Generates an electric field
Electric field goes through the scalp and generates another magnetic field in the underlying tissue in another direction

Question 6

What are two types of loops of coil used in TMS?

Answer 6

Figure of eight coil (more focal- strongest point of electrical field is in the middle)

Round coil (electric field produced is equally strong all around)

Question 7

What are the two modes of TMS?

Answer 7

Productive mode- induced neural noise to disrupt processing in certain areas

Interference mode- produces phosphenes, hand movements

Question 8

What is repetitive TMS?

Answer 8

When a train of multiple pulses are applied

High frequency
Low frequency
Theta burst (very high frequency)