Lecture 8 Neuroanatomy

Question 1

The brain and spinal cord are part of the…

Answer 1

Central nervous system

Question 2

The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that go from spinal cord to muscles- cranial and spinal nerves as well as the autonomic nervous system, what are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system and what are they involved in?

Answer 2

Autonomic nervous system
Action- the four fs!

Parasympathetic nervous system
At rest

Question 3

Cell bodies and dendrites of neutrons make up:

Grey matter

White matter

Answer 3

Grey matter

Question 4

Axons of neutrons make up

Grey matter
White matter

Answer 4

White matter

Question 5

Where are the 4 main lobes located

Answer 5

Frontal (front)
Parietal (top)
Temporal (bottom)
Occipital (back)

Question 6

What is the word for above?

Superior
Posterior
Anterior
Inferior

Answer 6

Superior

Question 7

What is the word for infront?

Superior
Posterior
Anterior
Inferior

Answer 7

Anterior

Question 8

What is the word for behind?

Superior
Posterior
Anterior
Inferior

Answer 8

Posterior

Question 9

What is the word for below?

Superior
Posterior
Anterior
Inferior

Answer 9

Inferior

Question 10

Dorsal refers to-

Superior
Inferior

Answer 10

Superior (above)

Question 11

Ventral refers to

Superior
Inferior

Answer 11

Inferior (below)

Question 12

What is the main purpose of gyri and sulci (why is the brain folded)

Answer 12

Increase surface area= more complex behaviour

Question 13

Gyri are the valleys of the brain

True or false

Answer 13

False
Gyri- hills

Question 14

Sulci are the valleys of the brain

True or false?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Where is the Sylvian fissue located?

Answer 15

Divides the temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

Question 16

Where is the central sulcus located?

Answer 16

Divides frontal lobe from parietal lobe

Question 17

What is the calcarine sulcus an important landmark for?

Answer 17

Primary visual cortex

Question 18

Where is the parieto-occipital sulcus located?

Answer 18

Divides occipital lobe from parietal lobe

Question 19

What important cortex does the precentral gyrus contain and is it anterior or posterior to the central sulcus?

Answer 19

Motor cortex

Anterior

Question 20

Which important cortex does the post central gurus contain and is it anterior or posterior to the central sulcus?

Answer 20

Somatosensory cortex
Posterior

Question 21

Where is the temporal pole located?

Answer 21

End of the temporal lobe

Question 22

Where is the orbital gyrus located?

Answer 22

Near the eyes (frontal lobe)

Question 23

Where is the angular gyrus located?

Answer 23

End of the sylvian fissue (angle )

Question 24

If you take a slice vertically through the brain this is called a ??? slice

Answer 24

Coronal

Question 25

If you take a slice of the brain between the two hemispheres this is called a ??? slice

Answer 25

Sagittal

Question 26

If you take a slice of brain horizontally across the brain this is called a ??? slice

Answer 26

Horizontal/ axial

Question 27

Give 2 examples of white matter tracts

Answer 27

Corpus callosum Anterior commisure

Question 28

Which white matter Tract contains the central location that brain coordinates are in reference to?

Answer 28

Anterior commissure

Question 29

What is the role of the basil ganglia and give examples of some diseases of the basil ganglia?

Answer 29

Control of movement Parkinson’s Huntington’s Tourettes

Question 30

Which brain structure is involved in fear and emotion?

Answer 30

Amygdala

Question 31

Which brain structure is important for sensory processing?

Answer 31

Thalamus

Question 32

Which brain structure has an important role in memory and can be translated to sea horse

Answer 32

Hippocampus

Question 33

Which brain structure monitors the internal state of the body e.g. water glucose temp

Answer 33

Hypothalamus

Question 34

What is the role of the brain stem and name 3 structures within the brain stem

Answer 34

Low level roles Medulla- control of vital organs Pons- info from ears Mid brain- inferior and superior colliculus- auditory and visual processing

Question 35

Give one role of the cerebellum and a translation of this term

Answer 35

Coordination of movement Little brain

Question 36

Give 3 major types of connections in the brain

Answer 36

Commisure Association Projection

Question 37

What are commisures? Give 2 examples

Answer 37

Communication from one hemisphere to another Corpus callosum Anterior commissure

Question 38

Where is communication located in an association tract?

Answer 38

Within one hemisphere

Question 39

Where is communication located in a projection tract?

Answer 39

Between brain and body

Question 40

What are ventricles in the brain?

Answer 40

Fluid filled regions Supply fluid to area between brain and skill Not used in cognition

Question 41

What are the meninges?

Answer 41

Membranes that golf in cerebral spinal fluid on outside of brain

Question 42

Name the two main arteries supplying blood to the brain Which structure are they arranged in

Answer 42

Internal carotid artery Basilar artery Come together in the circle of Willis