Lecture 8 Neuroanatomy Flashcards
The brain and spinal cord are part of the…
Central nervous system
The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that go from spinal cord to muscles- cranial and spinal nerves as well as the autonomic nervous system, what are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system and what are they involved in?
Autonomic nervous system
Action- the four fs!
Parasympathetic nervous system
At rest
Cell bodies and dendrites of neutrons make up:
Grey matter
White matter
Grey matter
Axons of neutrons make up
Grey matter
White matter
White matter
Where are the 4 main lobes located
Frontal (front)
Parietal (top)
Temporal (bottom)
Occipital (back)
What is the word for above?
Superior
Posterior
Anterior
Inferior
Superior
What is the word for infront?
Superior
Posterior
Anterior
Inferior
Anterior
What is the word for behind?
Superior
Posterior
Anterior
Inferior
Posterior
What is the word for below?
Superior
Posterior
Anterior
Inferior
Inferior
Dorsal refers to-
Superior
Inferior
Superior (above)
Ventral refers to
Superior
Inferior
Inferior (below)
What is the main purpose of gyri and sulci (why is the brain folded)
Increase surface area= more complex behaviour
Gyri are the valleys of the brain
True or false
False
Gyri- hills
Sulci are the valleys of the brain
True or false?
True
Where is the Sylvian fissue located?
Divides the temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes
Where is the central sulcus located?
Divides frontal lobe from parietal lobe
What is the calcarine sulcus an important landmark for?
Primary visual cortex
Where is the parieto-occipital sulcus located?
Divides occipital lobe from parietal lobe
What important cortex does the precentral gyrus contain and is it anterior or posterior to the central sulcus?
Motor cortex
Anterior
Which important cortex does the post central gurus contain and is it anterior or posterior to the central sulcus?
Somatosensory cortex
Posterior
Where is the temporal pole located?
End of the temporal lobe
Where is the orbital gyrus located?
Near the eyes (frontal lobe)
Where is the angular gyrus located?
End of the sylvian fissue (angle )
If you take a slice vertically through the brain this is called a ??? slice
Coronal
If you take a slice of the brain between the two hemispheres this is called a ??? slice
Sagittal
If you take a slice of brain horizontally across the brain this is called a ??? slice
Horizontal/ axial
Give 2 examples of white matter tracts
Corpus callosum
Anterior commisure
Which white matter Tract contains the central location that brain coordinates are in reference to?
Anterior commissure
What is the role of the basil ganglia and give examples of some diseases of the basil ganglia?
Control of movement
Parkinson’s
Huntington’s
Tourettes
Which brain structure is involved in fear and emotion?
Amygdala
Which brain structure is important for sensory processing?
Thalamus
Which brain structure has an important role in memory and can be translated to sea horse
Hippocampus
Which brain structure monitors the internal state of the body e.g. water glucose temp
Hypothalamus
What is the role of the brain stem and name 3 structures within the brain stem
Low level roles
Medulla- control of vital organs
Pons- info from ears
Mid brain- inferior and superior colliculus- auditory and visual processing
Give one role of the cerebellum and a translation of this term
Coordination of movement
Little brain
Give 3 major types of connections in the brain
Commisure
Association
Projection
What are commisures? Give 2 examples
Communication from one hemisphere to another
Corpus callosum
Anterior commissure
Where is communication located in an association tract?
Within one hemisphere
Where is communication located in a projection tract?
Between brain and body
What are ventricles in the brain?
Fluid filled regions
Supply fluid to area between brain and skill
Not used in cognition
What are the meninges?
Membranes that golf in cerebral spinal fluid on outside of brain
Name the two main arteries supplying blood to the brain
Which structure are they arranged in
Internal carotid artery
Basilar artery
Come together in the circle of Willis
