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Occlusion Lecture > TMJ > Flashcards

TMJ Flashcards

1
Q

What is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

joint where the mandible articulates with the base of the cranium

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2
Q

What do the condyles of the mandible fit into?

A

articular fossa

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3
Q

What fossa on the squamous part of the temporal bone are related to the TMJ?

A

mandibular fossa
glenoid fossa
articular fossa

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4
Q

What separates the condyle of mandible and squamous part of the temporal bone in the TMJ?

A

articular disc

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5
Q

What is the mediolateral length of the condyle of mandible compared to the anteroposterior width?

A

ML is twice as long

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6
Q

What is a compound joint?

A
  • more than three bones
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7
Q

What are the three parts of the TMJ compount joint?

A

condyle
temporal
articular disc

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8
Q

What is a complex joint?

A

allows for more than one type of movement

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9
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

contains synovial fluid

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10
Q

What is a ginglymoarthrodial joint?

A

hinging movement (ginglymoid)
and
gliding movement (arthrodial)

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11
Q

What type of movement does the arthrodial joint allow for?

A

translation movement only
- gliding

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12
Q

What type of movement does the gingylmus joint allow for?

A

rotational movement only
- hinging

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13
Q

What type of movement does the gingylmoarthrodial joint allow for?

A

rotational and translational

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14
Q

What is the articular disc made of?

A

fibrous connective tissue

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15
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A
  • compound joint
  • complex joint
  • gingylmoarthrodial joint
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16
Q

What is the shape of the articular disc?

A

inferior part - concave
superior part - concavo-convex

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of the articular disc?

A

non-innervated
avascular
somewhat flexible
dense fibrous connective tissue

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18
Q

What are the three sagittal sections of the articular disc?

A

anterior zone
middle/intermediate zone
posterior

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19
Q

What is the order of the sagittal sections of the articular disc from thickest to thinnest?

A

posterior > anterior > middle

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20
Q

Articular surface of the condyle functions on the _____________ zone of the disc

A

intermediate

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21
Q

What are the frontal sections of the articular disc?

A

medial and lateral

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22
Q

Is the articular disc thicker medially or laterally?

A

medially

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23
Q

What attaches the articular disc to the medial and lateral poles of the condyle?

A

discal/collateral ligaments

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24
Q

What are the histological zones of the articular surfaces in the TMJ?

A
  • articular zone
  • proliferative zone
  • fibrocartilaginous zone
  • calcified zone
25
Q

What are the characteristics of the articular zone of the articular disc?

A
  • dense fibrous connective tissue
  • most superficial layer
  • less susceptible to aging
  • better ability to repair
26
Q

What are the characteristics of the proliferative zone of the articular disc?

A
  • undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
  • responsible for proliferation in response to loads
27
Q

What are the characteristics of the fibrocartilaginous zone of the articular disc?

A
  • 3D network of collagen
  • resistance to lateral and compressive forces
28
Q

What are the characteristics of the calcified zone of the articular disc?

A
  • chondrocytes
  • chondroblasts
  • active site for bone remodeling
29
Q

What are the areas of a synovial joint that aren’t involved in articulation covered in?

A

specialized endothelial cells that form the synovial lining

30
Q

What does synovial fluid provide?

A

metabolic requirements and lubrication

31
Q

What is weeping lubrication of synovial fluid?

A

articular surfaces absorb some of the fluid, increased absorption during function, metabolic exchange

32
Q

What is boundary lubrication of synovial fluid?

A

movement of fluid from one area of the joint cavity to another, prevents friction

33
Q

What nerve innervates the TMJ?

A

mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve (auriculotemporal and masseteric)

34
Q

What artery supplies the TMJ?

A

superficial temporal artery (branch of the external carotid artery)

35
Q

What are the articular disc attachments?

A
  • posterior (superior retrodiscal lamina, inferior retrodiscal lamina)
  • anterior (SH lateral pterygoid, superior anterior attachment, inferior anterior attachment)
  • capsular ligament (anterior, posterior, medial, lateral)
36
Q

What are the posterior attachments of the artiuclar disc?

A

superior retrodiscal lamina
inferior retrodiscal lamina

37
Q

What are the characteristics of the superior retrodiscal lamina?

A
  • to the tympanic plate
  • connective tissue
  • elastic fibers
  • stretches as joint is moved forward
38
Q

What are the characteristics of the inferior retrodiscal lamina?

A
  • collagenous attachment (not elastic)
  • to the posterior margin of the articular surface of the condyle
39
Q

What are the anterior attachments of the articular disc?

A
  • superior head of the lateral pterygoid
  • superior anterior attachment
  • inferior anterior attachment
40
Q

What are the characteristics of the superior anterior attachment?

A
  • to the capsular ligament
  • to the anterior margin of the articular surface of the temporal bone
41
Q

What are the characteristics of the inferior anterior attachment?

A
  • to the capsular ligament
  • to the anterior margin of the articular surface of the condyle
42
Q

What is the superior joint cavity bordered by?

A

glenoid fossa
superior aspect of the disc

43
Q

What is the inferior joint cavity bordered by?

A

inferior aspect of the disc
superior aspect of the condyle

44
Q

Which joint compartment of the TMJ does rotation occur in?

A

inferior joint compartment

45
Q

Which joint compartment of the TMJ does translation occur in?

A

superior joint compartment

46
Q

What are the functional ligaments of the TMJ?

A

– Collateral/Discal ligaments
– Capsular ligament
– Temporomandibular ligament

47
Q

What are the accessory ligaments of the TMJ?

A

– Sphenomandibular ligament
– Stylomandibular ligament

48
Q

What are the characteristics of the capsular ligament?

A
  • Ligament that surrounds the joint like a curtain
  • Attached to the base of the skull and the condyle
  • Attached at the periphery of the articular parts
  • Also attached to the disc medially and laterally
  • Retains synovial fluid
49
Q

What are the characteristics of the temporomandibular ligament?

A
  • thickening of the capsular ligament of the lateral aspect
  • from articular tubercle and zygomatic process to the lateral pole and neck of the condyle and disc
50
Q

What are the two parts of the temporomandibular ligament?

A

outer oblique
inner horizontal

51
Q

What is the function of the outer oblique part of the temporomandibular ligament?

A
  • prevents over rotation of the mandible
  • translation of the mandible after 20-25 mm
52
Q

What is the function of the inner horizontal part of the temporomandibular ligament?

A
  • limits posterior movement onto the highly innervated retrodiscal tissue (PAIN)
  • prevent excessive overextension of the lateral pterygoid muscle
53
Q

What are the characteristics of the sphenomandibular ligament?

A
  • from the spine of the spheniod bone
  • inserts onto the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible (lingula)
54
Q

What are the characteristics of the stylomandibular ligament?

A
  • from styloid process
  • inserts into the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible
  • limits excessive protrusive movement of the mandible
55
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the sphenomandibular ligament?

A

O: angular spine of sphenodi bone
I: mandibular lingula

56
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the stylomandibular ligament?

A

O: styloid process
I: angle of mandible

57
Q

How long is the mediolateral length of the condyle of mandible?

58
Q

How long is the anteroposterior width of the condyle of mandible?

Occlusion Lecture (17 decks)

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