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Occlusion Lecture > Articulator/Muscles of Face > Flashcards

Articulator/Muscles of Face Flashcards

1
Q

What is an articulator?

A

A mechanical device that simulates mandibular movements of condyles in their fossae

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2
Q

What are the parts of functional anatomy?

A
  • dentition and supportive structures
  • skeletal components
  • temporomandiular joints
  • ligaments
  • muscles
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3
Q

What are the parts of the skeleton (face)?

A

maxillar
mandibule
temporal bone

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4
Q

What are the features of the maxilla?

A
  • 2 maxillary bones (fused at mid-palatal suture)
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5
Q

What is the superior border of the maxilla?

A

floor of the nasal cavity and orbit

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6
Q

What is the inferior border of the maxilla?

A

palate and alveolar ridge

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7
Q

What are the components fo the maxilla?

A
  • body
  • processes (zygomatic, frontal, alveolar, palatine)
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8
Q

What is the largest and strongest bone on the skull?

A

mandible

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9
Q

What are the components of the mandible?

A

body
ramus

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10
Q

What are the parts of the body of the mandible?

A

mandibular angle
ascending ramus
- coronoid process
- condyle

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11
Q

Where does the condyle of the mandible articulate?

A

the cranium

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12
Q

What is the mediolateral length of the condyle of mandible?

A

15-20 mm

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12
Q

What is the anterior-posterior width of the condyle mandible?

A

8-10 mm

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13
Q

What does the squamous portion of the temporal bone articulate with?

A

mandibular condyle

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14
Q

What is the articular eminence?

A

thick dense bone to tolerate heavy forces

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15
Q

What are the four main muscles of mastication?

A

lateral pterygoids
medial pterygoid
masseter
temporalis

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16
Q

What are the two heads of the masseter?

A

superficial (fibers run down and back)
deep (fibers run vertical)

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17
Q

What is the origin of the masseter?

A

zygomatic arch

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18
Q

What are the insertions of the masseter?

A

lateral surface of ramus
angle of the mandible

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19
Q

What is the function of the masseter?

A
  • elevates the mandible
  • provides the force for chewing
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20
Q

What is the function of the superficial head of the masseter?

A

aids in protrusion

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21
Q

What is the function of the deep head of masseter?

A

stabilizes the condyle against the eminence

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22
Q

What is the blood supply to the masseter?

A

muscular branch of the maxillary artery

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23
Q

What is the nerve supply to the masseter?

A

masseteric nerve of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

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24
Q

What are the three distinct divisions of the temporalis?

A

anterior (vertical fibers)
middle (oblique fibers)
posterior (horizontal fibers)

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25
Q

What is the origin for the temporalis?

A

temporal fossa and lateral surface of the skull

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26
Q

What is the insertion of the temporalis?

A

coronoid process
anterior border of ascending ramus

27
Q

What is the action of the anterior temporalis?

A

mandible is raised vertically

28
Q

What is the action of the middle temporalis?

A

elevates and retrudes the mandible

29
Q

What is the action of the posterior temporalis?

A

aids in retrusion of the mandible

30
Q

What is the blood supply of temporalis?

A

a muscular branch of the maxillary artery

31
Q

What is the nerve supply of temporalis?

A

deep temporal nerve of the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

32
Q

How many heads does the lateral (external) pterygoid have?

A

2 heads
- superior lateral pterygoid
- inferior lateral pterygoid

33
Q

What is the origin of the inferior layeral pterygoid?

A

outer surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

34
Q

What is the insertion of the inferior lateral pterygoid

A

neck of condyle

35
Q

What are the actions of the inferior lateral pterygoid?

A

bilateral contraction (mandible is protruded)
unilateral contraction (mediotrusive movement)

36
Q

What is the superior lateral pterygoid origin?

A

infratemporal surface of the greater sphenoid wing

37
Q

What is the superior lateral pterygoid insertion?

A

disk, capsule, and neck of the condyle

38
Q

What is the action of the superior lateral pterygoid?

A

active with elevator muscles (closure of the mandible)
- power stroke

39
Q

What is the blood supply for the lateral pterygoid?

A

muscular branch of the maxillary artery

40
Q

What is the nerve supply for the lateral pterygoid?

A

branch of the masseteric or buccal nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

41
Q

What is the origin of the medial (internal) pterygoid?

A

pterygoid fossa

42
Q

What is the insertion of the medial (internal) pterygoid?

A

medial surface of the mandibular angle

43
Q

What is the function of the medial (internal) pterygoid?

A
  1. elevates the mandible
  2. protrudes the mandible
  3. unilateral contraction
44
Q

What is the blood supply to the medial (internal) pterygoid?

A

muscular branch of the maxillary artery

45
Q

What is the nerve supply of the medial (internal) pterygoid?

A

motor branch of the mandibular diviosn of the trigeminal nerve, which reaches the posterior border of the muscle near the base of the skull

46
Q

What are the two parts of the masseter sling?

A

masseter
medial pterygoid

47
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

geniohyoid
mylohyoid
digastric
stylohyoid

48
Q

What are the functions of the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • elevate hyoid bone
  • depress the mandible when hyoid bone is fixed
49
Q

What is the origin of the geniohyoid?

A

inferior genial tubercle on the inner surface of mandibular symphysis

50
Q

What is the insertion of the geniohyoid?

A

anterior surface of body of hyoid bone

51
Q

What is the origin for the mylohyoid?

A

line from last molar root to mandibular symphysis

52
Q

What is the insertion of the mylohyoid?

A

median raphe from chin to hyoid bone

53
Q

What are the two bellies of the digastric muscle?

A

anterior
posterior

54
Q

What are the two origins of the digastric muscle?

A
  • posterior belly from the mastoid process
  • anterior belly from a depression on the inner side of the lower border of the mandible, close to the symphysis
55
Q

What is the insertion of the digastric muscle?

A

hyoid bone

56
Q

What muscles depress the mandible via contraction?

A
  • inferior lateral pterygoids
  • digastric
57
Q

What muscles depress the mandible via relaxation?

A
  • masseters
  • medial pterygoids
  • temporalis
58
Q

What muscles elevate the mandible via contraction?

A
  • masseters
  • medial pterygoid
  • temporalis
  • superior lateral pterygoid
59
Q

What muscle elevates the mandible via relaxation?

A
  • inferior lateral pterygoid
  • digastric
60
Q

What muscle provide right lateral movement via contraction?

A
  • left inferior lateral pterygoid
61
Q

What muscles provide right lateral movement via relaxation?

A
  • right inferior lateral pterygoid
  • slight relaxation of elevators
62
Q

What muscle provides left lateral movement via contraction?

A
  • right inferior lateral pterygoid
63
Q

What muscles provide left lateral movement via relaxation?

A
  • left inferior lateral pterygoid
  • slight relaxation of elevators
64
Q

What muscles allow for protrusion via contraction?

A
  • inferior lateral pterygoids (mostly)
  • assisted by masseters and medial pterygoids
65
Q

What muscle allows for retrusion via contraction?

A

temporalis

Occlusion Lecture (17 decks)

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