TLRs

Question 1

toll-like receptors

Answer 1

type 1 transmembrane composed of an extracellular domain involved in recognition of microbial product
-TIR domain in cytoplasmic tails that recruits different signaling molecules that will activate transcription genes involved in inflammation

Question 2

TLR specificity

Answer 2

each TLR tailors the immune response to the pathogen that they sense

Question 3

TLR function

Answer 3

initiation of innate immune response by detecting potentially harmful pathogens
-specialized in the recognition of conserved molecule structures in bacteria, viruses, fungi & parasites

Question 4

TLRs for bacterial lipids

Answer 4

1, 2, 4, & 6

Question 5

TLRs for viral RNA

Answer 5

3, 7, 8

Question 6

TLRs for bacterial DNA

Answer 6

9

Question 7

TLRs for bacterial or parasitic proteins

Answer 7

5, 10

Question 8

MYD88 adaptor

Answer 8

1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, & 9

Question 9

TRIF adaptor

Answer 9

3 & 4

Question 10

TIRAP adaptor

Answer 10

1, 2, 4, & 6
-used to recruit MYD88
-TLR4 uses TRAM to recruit TRIF

Question 11

adaptor functions

Answer 11

recruit proteins (kinases) to initiate signaling cascades

Question 12

3 pathways activated by TLRs

Answer 12

-MAP kinase
-NFkB pathway
-IRF pathway

Question 13

induced elements by TLR stimulation

Answer 13

-proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, & IL-12)
-anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10)
-type I IFNs: anti-viral response
-chemokines: attract immune cells to infection
-chemokine receptors: TLR activated cells to migrate
-anti microbial molecules (CD80/86 & CD40)