TL

Question 1

content schemata

Answer 1

topic kn/ general world kn/ socio-cultural kn/
General info based on previous learning and life experiences

The T activates Ss’ schematic kn relating to talk.

Question 2

formal schemata

Answer 2

discourse structure/ rhetorical structure

Question 3

Textual schemata

Answer 3

텍스트 내에서 알 수 있는 내용

Question 4

monologue

Answer 4

planned: rehearsed/ little redundancy : difficult to understand
unplanned: spontaneous/ more redundancy: easy to understand

Question 5

dialogue종류 및 기출선지 (약)

Answer 5

Interpersonal, Transactional

1. Ss will understand the “interpersonal relationships” of the speakers in each dialogue.
2. Ss will distinguish the difference in register btw the two dialogues.
3. Ss will develop “formality-awareness”

Familiarity of the interlocutors will produce conversations with more assumption, implications

Question 6

Interpersonal (dialogue)

Answer 6

to promote social relationships

person-oriented

Question 7

Transactional (dialogue)

Answer 7

to convey propositional or factual info.

message-oriented

Question 8

Top-down processing

Answer 8

use of schematic kn/ general understanding/ make inference/ prediction

Ss start from their background kn.

Infer meaning from contextual clues
influenced by world kn. & schematic kn.

Question 9

Bottom-up processing

Answer 9

focus on linguistic info more intensively
Start with component parts: sounds, words, grammar (linear processing)

lg items that are available within the text itself.

Question 10

Integrative processing

Answer 10

The combination of top-down and bottom up

e.g.) @pre-listening activity
Activating Ss’ background kn while pre-teaching vocab at the same time.

Question 11

Intensive listening

Answer 11

listen carefully in order to work on listening skills /
listen multiple times and use it for other purposes/
focus on discrete points
e.g.) dictation to build vocab and grammar

Question 12

Extensive listening

Answer 12

listen a lot of easy materials but not trying to get all the details. / for pleasure/ listen for general understanding/ listen for getting info

Question 13

spoken lg의 특징

Answer 13

1. clustering (Ts help Ss pick out manageable clusters of words.
2. Redundancy: rephrasing, repetition, elaborations and little insertions of “I mean” and “you know”
3. Reduced forms: phonological, syntactic(I’ll), pragmatic
4. Performance variables: hesitations, false starts, pauses, and corrections
5. Colloquial lg: idioms, slang
6. Rate of delivery
7. Prosodic features: stress, rhythm, intonation

Question 14

듣기에서 redundancy의 기능

Answer 14

Such redundancy helps the learner to process meaning by offering more time and extra information

Question 15

The rate of delivery. 듣기에서 속도 너무 빠를 때 어떻게해?

Answer 15

1. Simply put “pauses” btw phrases and sentences.
2. The number & length of “pauses” used by a speaker is more crucial to comprehension than sheer speed.

부자연스럽게 text 속도를 slow하게 하면 안됨

Question 16

Listening is a ( ), ( ) process of making sense of what we hear.

Answer 16

active, purposeful

참고로 듣기는 two-way이고 interaction이라는 것을 잊지 말기

Question 17

Listening happens in ( ) ( )

Answer 17

real time

Question 18

Listening strategies (9)

Answer 18

1. listening for global understanding
2. listening for specific information (scanning): key info.
3. listening for details
4. Inferencing
5. predicting : to confirm or reject the prediction that
   they’ve made.
6. monitoring
7. clarifying
8. responding
9. evaluating

Question 19

Listening for global understanding (gist) 예시들기

Answer 19

identify main ideas, noting a sequence of events

Question 20

listening for specific information (scanning) 예시들기

Answer 20

catching concrete info including names, time, specific lg forms etc.

Question 21

listening for details 정의

Answer 21

싹다듣기

Question 22

Inferencing 특징

Answer 22

반드시 top down kn가 필요 (Listening btw the lines)
Listening for meaning that is implied but not stated directly
다른 읽기 전략과 함께 일어남

Question 23

register

Answer 23

The way that lg use varies according to variations in the context.
Due to cultural and context factors, the way of lg use is different.

Question 24

Important criteria for authentic materials in listening

Answer 24

1. interesting and relevant

2. the rate of delivery (high frequent words, simple structure.)

Question 25

authentic materials in 듣기의 장점

Answer 25

1. exposed to the rhythms of natural, everyday Eng.

2. provide a real-life listening experience

Question 26

듣기에서 text와 task와의 관계

Answer 26

Instead of simplifying the lg of the text, simplify the task that is demanded of the Ss.

Question 27

듣기에서 task는 어때야 할까?

Answer 27

It is important that the task itself doesn’t demand too much production of the learner.
Tasks that require too much production can’t be done in real time. (e.g. 듣고 서머리)

1. Choosing the correct summary from two or three choices.
2. Have Ss number the pictures or events in the order they occurred.
3. Identify pics that match the text (Information Transfer)

Question 28

process-oriented listening

Answer 28

1. focus on how the understanding takes place.
2. metacognitive instruction :
   - enable Ss to increase their awareness about their listening process
   - develop effective skills for self-regulating LC
   - focusing on the process can help Ss to reflect on their learning.

Question 29

product-oriented listening

Answer 29

• Focus on what was understood

- Use what Ss comprehended in listening to complete another lg activity.

Question 30

note-taking

Answer 30

Jotting down important words.

The T encourages Ss to use “listening strategies” such as note-taking.

Question 31

Types of classroom listening performance

Answer 31

1. reactive
2. Intensive ( Bottom-up): focus on components
3. Responsive
4. Selective (Scanning)
5. Extensive (Top-down): global understanding
6. Interactive (1-5) 포함, Integrated w/speaking skiils