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Massage Therapy: Systems > TJ18: AP Final > Flashcards

TJ18: AP Final Flashcards

1
Q

Which penetrates deeper? Hot or Cold?

A

Hot

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2
Q

What is the liquid portion of blood?

A

Plasma (55%)

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3
Q

Number of Crainal nerves

A

12 pairs

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4
Q

Cartilage type of Intervertebral discs

A

Fibrocartilage

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5
Q

Most absorption of nutrients occurs where in the gut?

A

Ileum of the Small Intestine

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6
Q

Lymph Fluid is returned to the Circulatory System at what junction?

A

Subclavian & Internal Jugular

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7
Q

Number of Spinal Nerves

A

31 pairs

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8
Q

The Functions of Skin

A

Regulate Body Temperature
Protection for abrasion, bacteria
Secretion and Excretion of Sweat & Oil
Immunity
Blood Reservoir
Synthesis of Vitamin D
Sensation
Respiration

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9
Q

2 Organs that makeup the Male Genitalia

A

Testes & Penis

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10
Q

Myelinated axons are supported by cells made of grey or white matter?

A

White Matter

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11
Q

Oxygen in the blood is carried by?

A

Hemoglobin

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12
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

One motor neuron + all the muscle fibers it supplies

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13
Q

Diffusion is what

A

the movement of atoms, ions or molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations across a semi-permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached.

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14
Q

Define Anatomy.

A

The study of structure

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15
Q

Normal Body Temperature

A

Ranges between 97F (36.1C) and 99F (37.2C)

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16
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Sternum?

A

Manubrium (top), Body (middle), and Xyphoid Process (tip)

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17
Q

Ribosomes attach to what organelle?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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18
Q

What would you find in a Dorsal Root Ganglion?

A

collections of cell bodies of sensory neurons in PNS at the dorsal (posterior) root of a spinal nerve

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19
Q

Alveoli are found in what organ?

A

Lungs

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20
Q

Meisner’s Corpuscles are sensitive to?

A

Touch & Vibration

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21
Q

What bones belong to the Appendicular Skeleton?

A

Upper: Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpal, Metacarpals, Phalanges

Lower: Pelvic, Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsal Bones (Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular), Metatarsal, Phalanges

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22
Q

What is the master gland?

A

The Pituitary Gland

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23
Q

Another name for muscle fiber

A

Myofiber

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24
Q

Does Cartilage have a rich blood supply & heal quickly?

A

No

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25
Q

What is a diaphysis

A

Shaft of bone & strongest part

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26
Q

Skeletal muscle attaches to bone via?

A

Tendon

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27
Q

As the diaphragm contracts air is forced (in or out) of the lungs?

A

In

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28
Q

What quadrant would you find the sigmoid flexure?

A

Left Lower Quadrant

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29
Q

What percent of the body is composed of NOCH?

A

96% of body mass

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30
Q

What is the body’s most abundant type of tissue?

A

Connective Tissue

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31
Q

What is the largest nerve in the body?

A

Sciatic Nerve

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32
Q

Hormones are secreted by what type of gland?

A

Endocrine Glands

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33
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Chromosomes align, or meet at the center of the cell

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34
Q

Where would you find smooth muscle in the body?

A

In organs and vessels

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35
Q

Functional cell of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

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36
Q

Definition of physiology

A

The study of function

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37
Q

The chief muscle(s) of respiration

A

Lungs

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38
Q

What does the neurilemma do?
Where should it be? CNS or PNS?

A

A neurilemma or neurolemmacyte or Schwann cell is the outermost layer of nerve fibers only found in the PNS and functions of produces neurolemma and regenerates if damaged.

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39
Q

What is the definition of an isotonic solution?

A

A solution in which there is equal concentration between the solution and the cell. In this state, the cell thrives, or lives well.

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40
Q

Definition of a dermatome.

A

A skin surface area supplied by one spinal nerve.

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41
Q

Functions of blood.

A

Transportation of nutrients and waste, temperature regulation, fluid regulation (pH), and defense/immunity (WBC)

42
Q

What happens at the capillary?

A

All gas exchange takes place here

43
Q

Goosebumps are caused by what muscle

A

Arrector pili

44
Q

The plane that separates superior from inferior?

A

The transverse plane

45
Q

A neuron May have # of axons and # of dendrites?

A

1 axon to many (5-7) dendrites

46
Q

The function of muscle spindle fibers?

A

Tells brain muscle length

47
Q

What is the function of a bursa?

A

A fluid filled sac, located between bones to prevent direct bone on bone contact upon movement.

48
Q

Function of the Cerebrum?

A

The largest an upper most part of the brain that is split into two hemispheres (left and right) and is used in conscious, thought, sensory perception, involuntary movements, and temperature regulation

49
Q

If a muscle is atrophied from nerve damage, can massage reverse it?

A

If not reverse, reduce

50
Q

Endocrine function (communication) is the same as what other system of communication?

A

Nervous System

51
Q

Define Coronary Circulation.

A

The circulation of blood in the arteries and veins that supply the heart.

52
Q

Function of kidneys.

A

Excrete urine, which is composed of water, nitrogenous, waste and toxins, regulate chemicals in the blood, help maintain water balance

53
Q

Posture and balance is regulated by what part of the brain?

A

Cerebellum

54
Q

Examples of Active Transport are?

A

Permease “pump” system, phagocytosis and pinocytosis

55
Q

Cell drinking is called?

A

Pinocytosis

56
Q

An example of a ball and socket joint.

A

Shoulders and hips

57
Q

The part of the brain to control thirst and hunger?

A

Hypothalamus

58
Q

Name of the two numbers in a blood pressure reading?

A

Top: Systolic
Bottom: Diastolic

59
Q

Name of division of the Autonomic, Nervous System (ANS) responsible for emergencies?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

60
Q

Cell membrane is made of two things

A

Lipids and proteins

61
Q

Know eccentric and concentric contraction

A

Concentric: muscle shortens
Eccentric: muscle lengthens

62
Q

What organs are found in the CNS?

A

Brain and Spinal cord

63
Q

Lateral curvature of the spine is called?

A

Scoliosis

64
Q

A muscle will do this with an increased workload?

A

Overload

65
Q

Fibrous joints that are immovable are called?

A

Synarthrotic Joints

66
Q

What does anatomical position look like?

A

A reference position with feet forward, eyes forward, arms down outside with palms forward

67
Q

Proteins are made of what?

A

Amino acids

68
Q

What type of membrane is the skin?

A

Cutaneous or Epithelial membrane (Stratified Squamous Epithelium)

69
Q

The functional unit of muscle is called?

A

Sarcomere

70
Q

A one-way road of conduction of impulse is called

A

Reflex Arc

71
Q

What are the muscles of inspiration?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes, External Intercostals, Diaphragm, Pectoralis, Minor

72
Q

What is CSF? Where is it?

A

A liquid matrix in the subarachnoid space that allows the brain to float.

73
Q

What is anatomical position?

A

A reference position with feet forward, eyes forward, arms down outside with palms forward.

74
Q

The basic unit of all living things?

A

Cells

75
Q

What is anabolism what is catabolism?

A

Anabolism: the building up of components into complex ones

Catabolism: the breaking down of components into simple ones

76
Q

The functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

77
Q

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

A

L2 in adults and L3 in children

78
Q

What is a bolus?

A

A soft, rounded food mass that is swallowed, or a chewed up ball of food

79
Q

The universal donor blood type is?

A

O

80
Q

Plane that divides the body into left and right parts?

A

Sagittal Plane

81
Q

The axial skeleton contains what bones?

A

Cranium (frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal), Face (maxilla zygomatic mandible), Ear Bones, Vertebral column (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx), Ribs, Sternum, and Hyoid Bone.

82
Q

What are signs and symptoms?

A

Signs are measurable and observable
Symptoms are subjective and what the client tells you

83
Q

The contraction of a sarcomere occurs due to the sliding of what?

A

Actin and myosin across each other

84
Q

A muscle contraction which distance of the end of the muscle change?

A

Isotonic

85
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

A plane that divides the body into left and right parts.

86
Q

The study of cells is called?

A

Cell biology

87
Q

What are some examples of flat bones?

A

Scapula, ribs, patella, sternum, and skull (frontal)

88
Q

What does the all or nothing principle mean?

A

The all or nothing principle is a property by which a muscle fiber when stimulated to contract contracts to its fullest ability or doesn’t contract at all.

89
Q

The bodies preferred energy food is?

A

Carbohydrates or carbs

90
Q

What is the functional unit of the respiratory system?

A

Alveoli

91
Q

What effect does Massage have on the nervous system?

A

Massage simulator, receptors that transmits sensory signals to the central nervous system, and this in turn, causes the reduction in muscle tension, and creates a feeling of relaxation.

92
Q

During mitosis groups of similar cells develop into?

A

Two. Identical daughter cells

93
Q

Define -itis.

A

Inflammation

94
Q

Define homeostasis.

A

A condition in which the body’s internal environment remains within physiological limits (balance)

95
Q

Structural levels of organization from small to large.

A

Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ System
Body

96
Q

Layer of G.I. tract that is circular and longitudinal muscle?

A

Muscularis Layer

97
Q

With an acute injury, would you use heat or cold?

A

Cold

98
Q

A type of white fibrous tissue?

A

Dense Regular Connective Tissue (Ligaments, Tendons, Inner layer of Skin, Sclera)

99
Q

Indications for Abdominal Massage

A

Constipation, Increased Bowel Movements

100
Q

What is a group of different organs with a complex function?

A

Organ System

Massage Therapy: Systems (7 decks)

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