TJ18: AP Final Flashcards
Which penetrates deeper? Hot or Cold?
Hot
What is the liquid portion of blood?
Plasma (55%)
Number of Crainal nerves
12 pairs
Cartilage type of Intervertebral discs
Fibrocartilage
Most absorption of nutrients occurs where in the gut?
Ileum of the Small Intestine
Lymph Fluid is returned to the Circulatory System at what junction?
Subclavian & Internal Jugular
Number of Spinal Nerves
31 pairs
The Functions of Skin
Regulate Body Temperature
Protection for abrasion, bacteria
Secretion and Excretion of Sweat & Oil
Immunity
Blood Reservoir
Synthesis of Vitamin D
Sensation
Respiration
2 Organs that makeup the Male Genitalia
Testes & Penis
Myelinated axons are supported by cells made of grey or white matter?
White Matter
Oxygen in the blood is carried by?
Hemoglobin
What is a motor unit?
One motor neuron + all the muscle fibers it supplies
Diffusion is what
the movement of atoms, ions or molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations across a semi-permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached.
Define Anatomy.
The study of structure
Normal Body Temperature
Ranges between 97F (36.1C) and 99F (37.2C)
What are the 3 parts of the Sternum?
Manubrium (top), Body (middle), and Xyphoid Process (tip)
Ribosomes attach to what organelle?
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
What would you find in a Dorsal Root Ganglion?
collections of cell bodies of sensory neurons in PNS at the dorsal (posterior) root of a spinal nerve
Alveoli are found in what organ?
Lungs
Meisner’s Corpuscles are sensitive to?
Touch & Vibration
What bones belong to the Appendicular Skeleton?
Upper: Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpal, Metacarpals, Phalanges
Lower: Pelvic, Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsal Bones (Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular), Metatarsal, Phalanges
What is the master gland?
The Pituitary Gland
Another name for muscle fiber
Myofiber
Does Cartilage have a rich blood supply & heal quickly?
No
What is a diaphysis
Shaft of bone & strongest part
Skeletal muscle attaches to bone via?
Tendon
As the diaphragm contracts air is forced (in or out) of the lungs?
In
What quadrant would you find the sigmoid flexure?
Left Lower Quadrant
What percent of the body is composed of NOCH?
96% of body mass
What is the body’s most abundant type of tissue?
Connective Tissue
What is the largest nerve in the body?
Sciatic Nerve
Hormones are secreted by what type of gland?
Endocrine Glands
What happens in metaphase?
Chromosomes align, or meet at the center of the cell
Where would you find smooth muscle in the body?
In organs and vessels
Functional cell of the nervous system?
Neuron
Definition of physiology
The study of function
The chief muscle(s) of respiration
Lungs
What does the neurilemma do?
Where should it be? CNS or PNS?
A neurilemma or neurolemmacyte or Schwann cell is the outermost layer of nerve fibers only found in the PNS and functions of produces neurolemma and regenerates if damaged.
What is the definition of an isotonic solution?
A solution in which there is equal concentration between the solution and the cell. In this state, the cell thrives, or lives well.
Definition of a dermatome.
A skin surface area supplied by one spinal nerve.
Functions of blood.
Transportation of nutrients and waste, temperature regulation, fluid regulation (pH), and defense/immunity (WBC)
What happens at the capillary?
All gas exchange takes place here
Goosebumps are caused by what muscle
Arrector pili
The plane that separates superior from inferior?
The transverse plane
A neuron May have # of axons and # of dendrites?
1 axon to many (5-7) dendrites
The function of muscle spindle fibers?
Tells brain muscle length
What is the function of a bursa?
A fluid filled sac, located between bones to prevent direct bone on bone contact upon movement.
Function of the Cerebrum?
The largest an upper most part of the brain that is split into two hemispheres (left and right) and is used in conscious, thought, sensory perception, involuntary movements, and temperature regulation
If a muscle is atrophied from nerve damage, can massage reverse it?
If not reverse, reduce
Endocrine function (communication) is the same as what other system of communication?
Nervous System
Define Coronary Circulation.
The circulation of blood in the arteries and veins that supply the heart.
Function of kidneys.
Excrete urine, which is composed of water, nitrogenous, waste and toxins, regulate chemicals in the blood, help maintain water balance
Posture and balance is regulated by what part of the brain?
Cerebellum
Examples of Active Transport are?
Permease “pump” system, phagocytosis and pinocytosis
Cell drinking is called?
Pinocytosis
An example of a ball and socket joint.
Shoulders and hips
The part of the brain to control thirst and hunger?
Hypothalamus
Name of the two numbers in a blood pressure reading?
Top: Systolic
Bottom: Diastolic
Name of division of the Autonomic, Nervous System (ANS) responsible for emergencies?
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
Cell membrane is made of two things
Lipids and proteins
Know eccentric and concentric contraction
Concentric: muscle shortens
Eccentric: muscle lengthens
What organs are found in the CNS?
Brain and Spinal cord
Lateral curvature of the spine is called?
Scoliosis
A muscle will do this with an increased workload?
Overload
Fibrous joints that are immovable are called?
Synarthrotic Joints
What does anatomical position look like?
A reference position with feet forward, eyes forward, arms down outside with palms forward
Proteins are made of what?
Amino acids
What type of membrane is the skin?
Cutaneous or Epithelial membrane (Stratified Squamous Epithelium)
The functional unit of muscle is called?
Sarcomere
A one-way road of conduction of impulse is called
Reflex Arc
What are the muscles of inspiration?
Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes, External Intercostals, Diaphragm, Pectoralis, Minor
What is CSF? Where is it?
A liquid matrix in the subarachnoid space that allows the brain to float.
What is anatomical position?
A reference position with feet forward, eyes forward, arms down outside with palms forward.
The basic unit of all living things?
Cells
What is anabolism what is catabolism?
Anabolism: the building up of components into complex ones
Catabolism: the breaking down of components into simple ones
The functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
At what vertebral level does the spinal cord end?
L2 in adults and L3 in children
What is a bolus?
A soft, rounded food mass that is swallowed, or a chewed up ball of food
The universal donor blood type is?
O
Plane that divides the body into left and right parts?
Sagittal Plane
The axial skeleton contains what bones?
Cranium (frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal), Face (maxilla zygomatic mandible), Ear Bones, Vertebral column (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx), Ribs, Sternum, and Hyoid Bone.
What are signs and symptoms?
Signs are measurable and observable
Symptoms are subjective and what the client tells you
The contraction of a sarcomere occurs due to the sliding of what?
Actin and myosin across each other
A muscle contraction which distance of the end of the muscle change?
Isotonic
What is the sagittal plane?
A plane that divides the body into left and right parts.
The study of cells is called?
Cell biology
What are some examples of flat bones?
Scapula, ribs, patella, sternum, and skull (frontal)
What does the all or nothing principle mean?
The all or nothing principle is a property by which a muscle fiber when stimulated to contract contracts to its fullest ability or doesn’t contract at all.
The bodies preferred energy food is?
Carbohydrates or carbs
What is the functional unit of the respiratory system?
Alveoli
What effect does Massage have on the nervous system?
Massage simulator, receptors that transmits sensory signals to the central nervous system, and this in turn, causes the reduction in muscle tension, and creates a feeling of relaxation.
During mitosis groups of similar cells develop into?
Two. Identical daughter cells
Define -itis.
Inflammation
Define homeostasis.
A condition in which the body’s internal environment remains within physiological limits (balance)
Structural levels of organization from small to large.
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ System
Body
Layer of G.I. tract that is circular and longitudinal muscle?
Muscularis Layer
With an acute injury, would you use heat or cold?
Cold
A type of white fibrous tissue?
Dense Regular Connective Tissue (Ligaments, Tendons, Inner layer of Skin, Sclera)
Indications for Abdominal Massage
Constipation, Increased Bowel Movements
What is a group of different organs with a complex function?
Organ System
