Tissues (without Connective) Flashcards
Define a tissue
A group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common/related function.
Summarize the role of each tissue in one word.
Muscular: moves, Connective: supports, Epithelial: Covers, Nervous Tissue: Controls
Name some examples of epithelial tissue and describe some common functions
Skin, Glands, lining of GI tract. Epithelial tissue secretes, absorbs, protects, and filters
Name some examples of connective tissue
bones, tendons, fat
What are the two types of epithelial tissue?
Covering and Lining Epithelium, glandular epithelium
What are the five distinguishing features of epithelial tissue?
Polarity, Specialized Contacts, Supported by connective tissue, Avascular but innervated, and regenerative
Which side of skin is apical, and which side is basal?
The epidermal layers are apical, and the dermal layers are more basal.
What is the basal lamina largely comprised of? What is its function?
Glycoproteins and collagen fibers. It acts as a filter for the epithelium, and a scaffolding for the repair of epithelial tissue.
What are the two things that hold epithelial cells close together?
Desmosomes and tight junctions
What are the two parts of the basement membrane? Which layer is deeper?
The basal lamina and the reticular lamina. The reticular lamina is deep to the basal lamina.
What consists the reticular lamina?
The reticular lamina consists of a layer of extracellular material and a fine network of collagen fibers.
Describe the vascularity and innervation of epithelial tissue.
Epithelial tissue is avascular but innervated.
What is the difference between simple and stratified epithelia?
Simple epithelia consists of one layer of cells, and stratified epithelia consists of multiple layers.
What are the three shapes of epithelial tissue?
Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar
Where can we find simple squamous epithelial tissue?
The kidney capillaries, air sacs in the lungs, blood vessels, and lymph vessels.
Where can we find simple cuboidal epithelial tissue?
Kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands.
Where an we find simple columnar epithelial tissue?
The digestive tract and gallbladder
What are the functions of the different types of simple epithelial tissues?
Squamous: filtration and diffusion
cuboidal: Secretion and absorption
columnar: Secretions of enzymes and absorption (ciliated areas line the small bronchi and participate in mucus propulsion)
What is pseudostratified columnar tissue and where is it located? What is its function?
It is tissue that contains cells at different heights. It can be found in the trachea and secretes and propels mucus.
What type of epithelial tissue is skin?
Stratified Squamous
Describe the shape, function, and location of transitional epithelial tissue.
It consists of stratified squamous and cuboidal tissue, it depends on the organ stretch. It is found in the bladder, parts of the urethra, and uterus. It is shaped like this in order to stretch to accommodate the function of the organ.
What are the two types of simple squamous epithelial tissue in the body? Where are they found?
Endothelium is found inside of lymph vessels and hollow organs of the cardiovascular system (blood vessels and heart). Mesothelium is found in the lining of the ventral cavity and covering its organs.
Define a gland
One or more cells that make a secretion
What is the difference between an endocrine and an exocrine gland?
Endocrine glands internally secrete, exocrine glands externally secrete. Endocrine glands have no ducts.
Where can we find unicellular glands?
Scattered in epithelial sheets
How are multicellular epithelial glands created?
They are invaginated into epithelial tissue
Give two examples of unicellular glands
Mucus cells and goblet cells
What do merocrine glands do? How?
They secrete their products by exocytosis (they just ooze it).
What happens to holocrine cells in secretion? What is an example of them?
They rupture. Sebaceous glands are the only example of this.
