tissues practice Flashcards
Which category of tissue is characterized by cells that have adhesion proteins and specialized cell-to-cell junctions?
epithelial
Which one of the following basic types of tissues functions as a covering tissue for the body?
epithelial
Using your knowledge of tissues of the body, which type of tissue do you deduce is located on the anterior surface of a person’s eyeball?
epithelial
Of the following, the tissue with the greatest capacity for regeneration is
Epithelium
Which of the following is not a characteristic of epithelia?
Vascular
Cancer occurs when cells multiply excessively, forming malignant neoplasms. Which characteristic of epithelium makes it the most common type of tissue involved in cancer?
high regenerative capacity
Cells lining the digestive tube are characteristic of this tissue category.
epithelial
Pseudostratified columnar is one of the tissues of this category.
epithelial
Which major tissue category includes tissues that function in secretion, absorption, and filtration?
epithelial
The thinnest type of epithelium is
simple squamous.
Simple squamous epithelia would not provide
protection from abrasion.
Which of the following provides the least resistance to diffusion?
simple squamous.epithelium
The major function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium is
secretion
An epithelium in which the basal layer of cells is cuboidal and the apical layer has cells that are thin, flat and irregular in shape is a ________ epithelium.
stratified squamous
The major function of stratified squamous epithelium is
protection from abrasion.
A stratified epithelium that thins and flattens as the tissue stretches is a
transitional epithelium.
When unstretched, transitional epithelium looks most like ________ epithelium.
stratified cuboidal
A structure that secretes hormones into the blood is
an endocrine gland.
A common example of a unicellular exocrine gland is
a goblet cell.
What do goblet cells secrete?
mucin
A highly branched gland whose walls do not balloon into spherical sacs is called
compound tubular.
All of the following are true regarding multicellular exocrine glands except
Alveolar glands have secretory cells that form tubes.
The distinguishing characteristic between tight junctions and adherens junctions is that
adherens junctions attach to the actin myofilaments of the cytoskeleton, whereas tight junctions do not.
The type of cell junction that closes off the space between epithelial cells, thereby limiting the passage of small molecules, is the
tight junction.
Cell junctions occur in which plasma membrane of epithelial cells?
lateral
Despite their name, many types of cell junction are not very strong at joining and holding cells together. The cell junctions that best keep cells from being pulled apart are
desmosomes.
The type of cell junction that permits small sugar molecules and ions to pass from the cytoplasm of one cell to that of another is a
gap junction.
The basement membrane of the epithelial lining of capillaries in the kidney can thicken over time in patients with untreated diabetes mellitus. What could be a consequence of this thickening?
Substances would have a difficult time traveling between the capillaries and the functional structures of the kidney, leading to a failure of the kidney to function.
Which major category of tissues has the most diverse and most numerous types of tissue?
connective
Which one of the following basic types of tissues has an abundant extracellular matrix?
connective
Tissues in this category are characterized by an extracellular matrix that holds some amount of fluid.
connective
Fat is a form of ________ tissue.
connective
In connective tissue, extracellular matrix is not exactly the same as ground substance, because the matrix also contains
fibers
Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans are components of
ground substance.
Which of the following is not associated with connective tissue?
goblet cells
In connective tissues, the primary extracellular molecules responsible for resisting tension are
collagen fibers.
Within connective tissue, the fibers that recoil to their original length and shape when stretched are called
elastic fibers.
In connective tissue proper, ground substance is manufactured and secreted by which type of cell?
fibroblast
A type of connective tissue that is not classified as a connective tissue proper is
cartilage.
Adipocytes are found in tissues belonging to this category.
connective
Connective tissue that must resist forces pulling it from many different directions without stretching would most likely be
dense irregular connective tissue.
Ligaments are examples of tissues in this category.
connective
Ligaments consist primarily of which kind of connective tissue?
dense regular
Bone and cartilage are examples of tissues in this category.
connective
A connective tissue that has a liquid matrix is
blood
Histologists consider blood to be an example of what primary tissue category?
connective
All lining and covering membranes consist of
epithelium and connective tissue.
Of the types of lining and covering membranes, is the driest one is
cutaneous.
Tissue types which are known as mucous and serous membranes are comprised of sheets of epithelial cells and
areolar connective tissue.
The embryonic tissue that gives rise to the adult connective tissues, consisting of star-shaped cells separated by large amounts of extracellular matrix, is
mesenchyme
Which tissue category contains tissues comprised of cells containing myofilaments?
muscle
The primary contractile tissue of the heart characterizes tissues in this category.
muscle
This type of tissue includes smooth and cardiac.
muscle
A muscle fiber is
a muscle cell.
This tissue type, in addition to certain muscle tissues, is capable of generating electrical impulses.
nervous
The brain and spinal cord are composed primarily of this tissue type.
nervous
Which one of the following basic types of tissues functions to regulate and control body functions?
nervous
Inflamed tissue is often warm to the touch because of
increased blood flow to the area.
The best definition of fibrosis is
the formation of scar tissue.
Multilayered epithelia are named for the cell shape found in the basal layer.
False
Microvilli are abundant on cells that function for absorption in the small intestine and the kidney.
true
The cutaneous membrane is the skin.
true
Areolar connective tissue forms the lamina propria of mucous membranes.
True
Superficial fascia refers to the fatty hypodermis below the skin, whereas deep fascia are the sheets of tissue that wrap around muscles, large blood vessels, etc.
True
Much of the body’s adipose tissue is found in the hypodermis.
true
Dense regular connective tissue is characterized by giving strength in all directions.
False
Dense regular connective tissue gains its strength from the multitude of actin fibers that make up the bulk of the matrix.
False
Unlike other connective tissues, bone is not considered to be a living tissue.
false
In bony tissues, chondrocytes are found in the lacunae.
false
In blood, the matrix is the liquid blood plasma.
true
Cardiac muscle cells are connected to each other by intercalated discs.
true
Skeletal muscle is characterized by obvious striations (seen microscopically) and multinucleate cells.
true
Fibrosis involves the proliferation of a fibrous connective tissue called scar tissue.
true
Connective tissue and muscle tissue are both derived from the embryonic tissue mesenchyme.
true
Each cell performs all of the function necessary to sustain life. Those functions include all of the following except
phagocytosing other cells.
Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane?
breaking down and digesting unwanted substances within the cell.
The plasma membrane is
the membrane surrounding the cell.
The plasma membrane is important for all the following reasons except
it is an important site for DNA transcription.
The plasma membrane is composed of all of the following except
tubulin protein.
Embedded in the plasma membrane of cells, cholesterol molecules act to
stabilize the membrane.
Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged
as a bilayer with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between the polar heads.
The endocytotic process in which small vesicles of fluid are brought into the cell is called
pinocytosis.
Which type of endocytosis ingests the most specific type of molecule?
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Hormones are secreted by
exocytosis
Materials that are to be exocytosed by cells are enclosed in vesicles synthesized by the
Golgi apparatus.
Which of the following is associated with protein synthesis?
ribosomes
Ribosomes may be either free within the cytoplasm or bound to a membrane system known as the
rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Which membranous organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell?
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which membranous organelle stores calcium and is a primary site of lipid metabolism?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle has both a cis and a trans face?
Golgi apparatus.
Functions of the Golgi apparatus include all of the following except
DNA replication.
Which organelle sorts, processes, and packages products made by the rough ER?
Golgi apparatus
Which organelle is primarily a sac of powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases?
lysosome
When a phagocytic white blood cell ingests a foreign bacterial cell, which organelle fuses with the vesicle?
lysosome
In the process of phagocytosis, the organelles whose enzymes break down ingested foreign cells are the
lysosome
Which of these organelles is involved in production of cellular energy?
mitochondria
Which organelle is characterized by folded inner membranes called cristae?
mitochondria
Which organelle produces ATP molecules?
mitochondria
Of the following, the only organelle that has a double membrane structure is the
mitochondrion
Which organelle contains some DNA and is capable of self-replication?
mitochondria
Which membranous organelle contains oxidase and catalase enzymes?
peroxisome
Which organelle is numerous in cells of the liver and kidney, organs involved in removing toxic substances from the body?
peroxisome
Peroxisomes function to
synthesize and degrade hydrogen peroxide.
Peroxisomes
are the toxic waste removal system of the cell.
Which of the following cytoskeleton elements are the largest in diameter?
microtubules
Which of the following is not a cytoskeleton element?
centriole
The elements of the cytoskeleton that are stiff but bendable, analogous to the bones of the human body, are the
microtubules
The cytoskeletal elements which generate pseudopodia and contractile forces in conjunction with myosin are
microfilaments
Dyneins and kinesins are motor proteins that
move organelles along microtubules through the cytoplasm.
Which organelle is important in neutralizing free radicals?
peroxisome
The mitotic spindle forms from the
centrosome matrix.
Which of the following is an inclusion, not an organelle?
glycosome
The temporary structures in the cytoplasm include all of the following except
the Golgi apparatus.
Which of the following is true regarding cytoplasmic inclusions?
Glycosomes store sugar in the form of glycogen.
Which of the following does not pass through nuclear pores?
rough endoplasmic riticulum
Which of the following does not pass through nuclear pores?
chromatin
Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of the nuclear envelope?
separation of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm
The nuclear envelope is continuous with the rough ER, but it differs from the rough ER in that it
has unique pores.
In the cell life cycle, DNA is replicated during
interphase S.
Which is not part of interphase?
M
During what phase of the cell cycle is the DNA duplicated?
interphase
During what phase of mitosis does the mitotic spindle break down and disappear?
telophase
Mitosis refers only to nuclear division. Separation of the entire cell following mitosis is ___.
cytokinesis
During mitosis, the kinetochore microtubules of the mitotic spindle
attach to chromatids and align them at the metaphase plate.
The longest arrays of microtubules that assemble from each centrosome during prophase form filaments called
mitotic spindles.
During anaphase, motor proteins attached to mitotic spindle fibers serve to
pull the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell.
The cell that gathers information and controls body functions is a
neuron
Ribosomes consist of two subunits, each surrounded by a membrane.
false
The smooth ER contains its own molecules of DNA.
false
Peroxisomes are important in detoxification of a number of toxic substances, for instance, hydrogen peroxide.
true
The nucleolus serves as the cell’s ribosome-producing machine.
true
During the G1 phase, DNA is replicated in the cytoplasm.
false
During the S phase, cells are characterized by rapid growth.
false
A mitotic spindle develops during early telophase of mitosis.
false
During anaphase, the chromosomes are moved to the center of the cell.
false
Cytokinesis is the physical division of the cytoplasm between the two newly formed cells that result from mitosis.
true
