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A&P Lab #1 Study Guide > Tissues Lecture > Flashcards

Tissues Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial tissue does what?

A

covers body surfaces

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2
Q

connective tissue does what?

A

supports, connects

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3
Q

muscle tissue does what?

A

contractions

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4
Q

nervous tissue does what?

A

communicates

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5
Q

Name the tissue?

-Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters

A

Epithelial

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6
Q

Name the tissue?

-Supports, protects, binds other tissues together

A

Connective

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7
Q

Name the tissue?

-Contracts to cause movement

A

Muscle

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8
Q

Name the tissue?

-Internal communication

A

Nervous

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9
Q

Name the surface is toward a lumen (open space)

A

Apical

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10
Q

Name the surfaces are toward other epithelial cells

A

Lateral

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11
Q

Name the surface is toward the basement membrane

A

Basal

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12
Q

Cells have polarity. Name the 3?

A

Apical, Lateral, Basal

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13
Q

Which surface may bear microvilli (e.g., brush border of intestinal lining) or cilia (e.g., lining of trachea)

A

Apical

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14
Q

Which surface is Noncellular basal lamina of glycoprotein and collagen lies adjacent to

A

Basal Surface

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15
Q

Which surface binds directly to other cells through desmosomes, tight junctions, or gap junctions

A

Lateral

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16
Q

What tissue is this?

  1. Cells are tightly packed and attached by cell junctions (tight junctions and desmosomes)
  2. ________tissue is avascular (lacks circulatory system)
  3. _______tissue lacks a nervous system (Nerves only send projections into tissue)
  4. It Is supported by connective tissue reticular lamina (under basal lamina)
  5. Covers the surfaces of the body (internal and external)
  6. Has a high rate of regeneration
A

Structural Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

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17
Q

Name the Cell Junction

  • Keep substances from passing between cells
  • Line Simple Epithelia
    • Columnar Epithelia in the Intestine
A

Tight Junction

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18
Q

Name the cell junction

  • Allow small molecules and ions to pass through to adjacent cells
  • Found in most epithelial cells
    • Nerve and Cardiac cells
A

Gap Junctions

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19
Q

Name the cell junction
–Mechanical protein links which bind cells together in tissues subject to considerable stretching
*Found in skin, heart, muscle, and uterus

A

Desmosomes

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20
Q

Name the Cell Junction

–Mechanical protein links which bind cells to the basement membrane in most tissue

A

Hemidesmosomes

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21
Q

Name the Cell Junction

-–Weak glycoprotein bonds which assist tight junctions in binding epithelial cells together

A

Adherance Junctions

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22
Q

one layer of cells

A

simple

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23
Q

more than one layer of cells

A

Stratisfied

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24
Q

The cells are much wider than they are tall.

A

squamous

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25
Q

The cells are about as wide as they are tall.

A

cuboidal

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26
Q

The cells are much taller than they are wide.

A

columnar

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27
Q

Name the cell
-One layer of squamous shaped cells
Location: Lung Alveoli (endothelium)
Blood/lymphatic (endothelium)
Heart (endothelium)
Serous membranes (mesothelium)
Function: Allows diffusion and filtration of material where protection is not important.

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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28
Q

Name the cell
-One layer of cuboidal cells
Location: Tubules of kidneys, Pancreas, Thyroid, Small glands, Ovary
Function: Secretion &Absorption

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Cells

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29
Q 
Name the cell
-One layer of columnar cells
Location: Most of the digestive tract
                Gall bladder 
                Ducts of some glands- Ciliated                    Small bronchi   
                Some parts of the uterus
Function:-Absorption  
                -Secretion (enzymes, mucus)    -  propels mucus/reproductive cells
A

Simple Columnar Epithelial Cells

30
Q

Name the cell
-Multiple layers of squamous cells
Location: Non-keratinized type
Skin, Mouth, Esophagus, Vagina
Function: Protection against mechanical stress and abrasion

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelial Cells

31
Q

Name the cell
Location: Ciliated Type: Trachea/Most of the upper respiratory tract
Non-cilated type:Sperm carrying ducts/some glands
Function: -Secretion of mucus -Propulsion of mucus through cilia

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial Cells

32
Q

Name the cell
-Multiple layers Cells change shape
Location: -Urinary bladder -Ureters -Urethra
Function: Stretches readily and permits distention

A

Transitional Epithelial Cells

33
Q

What are the four types of glandular epithelia?

A
  • Endocrine glands
  • Exocrine glands
  • Unicellular exocrine glands
  • Multicellular exocrine glands
34
Q

Name the glandular epithelia:

  • Ductless glands
  • Secrete hormones that travel through lymph or blood to target organs
A

Endocrine glands

35
Q

Name the glandular epithelia:

  • More numerous than endocrine glands
  • Secrete products into ducts
  • Secretions released onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities
  • Examples include mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands
A

Exocrine glands

36
Q

Name the Exocrine gland:

-Unicellular exocrine glands

A

Unicellular exocrine glands

37
Q

Name the Exocrine gland:

  • Are composed of a duct and a secretory unit
  • Classified according to:
    * Duct type (simple or compound)
    * Structure of their secretory units (tubular, alveolar, or tubuloalveolar)
A

Multicellular exocrine glands

38
Q

Name the Modes of Exocrine Secretions:

-Products are secreted by exocytosis (e.g., pancreas, sweat and salivary glands)

A

Merocrine

39
Q

Name the Modes of Exocrine Secretions:

-Products are secreted by rupture of glandcells (e.g., sebaceous glands)

A

Holocrine

40
Q

What binds the tissues together?

A

tendons

41
Q

What Supports and strengthens other tissues?

A

Dermis of Skin, Membranes

42
Q

What Protects the vital organs?

A

Skeleton

43
Q

what transports?

A

blood

44
Q

Insulation and Energy Storage

A

Fat

45
Q

Mitotically active and secretory cells are called

A

Blasts

46
Q

Mature cells are called

A

Cytes

47
Q

Fibroblasts are found in

A

connective tissue proper

48
Q

Chondroblasts and chondrocytes are found in

A

cartilage

49
Q

Osteoblasts and osteocytes are found in

A

bone

50
Q

Name the Protein Fibers of the Matrix (Connective Tissue)

  • Most common protein in the body
  • Consists of Three wound bands of Polypeptides similar to “rope”
  • Very strong and flexible, but cannot stretch
  • Strongest fiber
A

Collagen

51
Q

Name the Protein Fibers of the Matrix (Connective Tissue)

  • Very fine collagen fibers
  • Not as “significant”
  • Fills the gaps between other connective tissue
A

Reticular

52
Q

Name the Protein Fibers of the Matrix (Connective Tissue)

  • Protein which is shaped like “springs” at the molecular level
  • Is capable of distention and compression
A

Elastic fibers

53
Q

Name the Connective Tissue:

  • Consists of Elastic Fibers and Collagen Fibers
  • Random distribution Fibroblasts, Macrophages, Mast cells
  • Widely distributed, under skin, digestive tract, surround organs/capillaries etc.
A

Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue

54
Q

Name the Connective Tissue:

  • Reticular fibers support other cells (white blood cells)
  • Found in lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow)
A

Loose (Reticular) Connective Tissue

55
Q

Name the Connective Tissue:

  • Dense Collagenous Tissue (regular/irregular)
  • Found in TendonsDense Elastic Tissue (regular)
  • Found in Blood Vessel Walls
A

Dense Connective Tissue

56
Q

Name the Connective Tissue:

  • Some reticular fibers, adipocytes store fat
  • Widely distributed in the body
A

Adipose Tissue

57
Q

Name the Connective Tissue:
–Function: Can withstand tension in many different directions, Provides structural strength
-Location:Dermis of the skin, Fibrous capsules of organs and joints, and Submucosa of digestive tract

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

58
Q

Chondrocytes sit in spaces called

A

Lacunae

59
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilages ?

A
  • Elastic
  • Hyalin
  • Fibrocartilage
60
Q

Name the cartilage:

  • Thin, pale collagen fibers (not visible)
  • Ends of long bones (joints), trachea, larynx, growth of skeleton
  • Can withstand compression forces
  • Provides support and cushioning properties
A

Hyalin Cartilage

61
Q

Name the cartilage:

  • More elastic fibers in the matrix
  • Ear and epiglottis
  • Can recoil when bentMaintains shape and flexibility
A

Elastic Cartilage

62
Q

Name the cartilage:
Thick visible collagen fibers
-Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, miniscus in knee
-Can withstand tearing forces and absorb compressive shock

A

Fibrocartilage

63
Q

Name the Connective Tissue:
•Hard, calcified matrix, with a lot of collagen fibers
-Osteocytes lie in lacunae
Function: Support/protection, Stores calcium, minerals, and fat, Blood cell formation.
-Location: Bone

A

Bone

64
Q

Name the connective tissue:
•Composed of red and white cells in plasma (fluid matrix)
-Function:Transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastesand other substances
-Location:Contained within blood vessels

A

Blood

65
Q

Name the tissue:

  • Function:Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors
  • Transmit electrical signals to effectors (muscles and glands)
  • Location: •Brain•Spinal cord•Nerves
A

Nervous tissue

66
Q

Name the muscle tissue:

  • Striated, long cells, multinucleated
  • Muscles that voluntarily move the skeleton
A

Skeletal

67
Q

Name the muscle tissue:

  • No striations, involuntary, influenced by hormones and the autonomic nervous system
  • Blood vessels, intestine, walls of hollow organs
A

Smooth

68
Q

Name the muscle tissue:

  • Striated, intercalated disks, single nucleolus in each cell,involuntary, branching fibers, influenced by hormones and autonomic nervous system,
  • Heart muscle, pumps blood
A

Cardiac

69
Q

Parietal serosae lines within

A

internal body walls

70
Q

Visceral serosae covers

A

internal organs

A&P Lab #1 Study Guide (8 decks)

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