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A&P Lab #1 Study Guide > Chapter 11 AP > Flashcards

Chapter 11 AP Flashcards

1
Q

What nervous system consists of ?

  • Brain and spinal cord
  • Integration and command center
A

Central Nervous System

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2
Q

What nervous system consists of ?

-Paired spinal and cranial nerves carry messages to and from the CNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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3
Q

What are the 2 functional divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?

A
  1. Sensory (Afferent) division

2. Motor (Efferent) division

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4
Q

Somatic afferent fibers and visceral afferent fibers are part of Sensory (Afferent) or Motor (efferent) divisions?

A

Sensory (Afferent) divison

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5
Q

What afferent fibers is this ?

-fibers—convey impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints

A

Somatic afferent fibers

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6
Q

What afferent fibers is this ?

-fibers—convey impulses from visceral organs

A

Visceral Afferent fibers

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7
Q

What efferent division is this?

-Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs

A

Motor efferent division

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8
Q

What motor division of PNS is this?

-Conscious control of skeletal muscles

A

Somatic (voluntary) nervous system

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9
Q

What motor division of PNS is this?

-Visceral motor nerve fibers
-Regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
-Two functional subdivisions:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

A

Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system (ANS)

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10
Q

What are the 2 functional subdivisions of the Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system?

A
  1. Sympathetic

2. Parasympathetic

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11
Q

What nervous system does these parts belong too?

  • A. Brain
  • B. Spinal cord
A

Central Nervous System

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12
Q

What nervous system does these parts belong too?

  • A. Sensory
  • B. Motor
    a. Somatic
    b. Autonomic
    - Sympathetic
    - Parasympathetic
A

Peripheral Nervous System

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13
Q

What is the name of the excitable cells that transmit electrical signals?

A

Neurons

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14
Q

(glial cells)—supporting cells are also called?

A

Neurolgia

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15
Q

Name the cell.

-surround
 capillaries, neurons, synaptic
 endings forming the
 blood/brain barrier
--Most abundant
-Regulate components of
 the brain fluids
-Exchange of nutrients and
 waste
A

Astrocytes

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16
Q

Name the cell

  • Help determine capillary permeability
  • Guide migration of young neurons
  • Control the chemical environment
  • Participate in information processing in the brain
A

Astrocytes

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17
Q

Name the cell

-Lining of the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord
-Choroid plexus (blood
venules surrounded by
ependymal cells) in ventricles
secretes cerebrospinal fluid
-Cilia assist in the movement
of the fluid

A

Ependymal Cells

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18
Q

Name the cell:

  • Range in shape from squamous to columnar
  • May be ciliated
  • Line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column
A

Ependymal Cells

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19
Q

Name the cell:

-Macrophages that respond
to infection in the CNS
-Phagocytize microorganisms and neuronal debris

A

Microglia

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20
Q

Name the cell:

–Provide the myelin sheath
for neurons in the CNS

-Insulates axons in the CNS

-Helps propagate action
potentials in the CNS.

-One Oligodendrocyte can
myelinate multiple axons

A

Oligodendrocytes

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21
Q

Name the cell:

-Surround neuron cell bodies in the PNS

A

Satellite Cells

22
Q

Name the cell:

  • Surround peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths
  • Vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers
  • AKA Neurolemmocytes
A

Schwann Cells

23
Q 
Name the cell:
-Provide the myelin sheath
 for neurons in the PNS
-Insulates axons in PNS
-Helps propagate action
potentials in PNS
-One Schwann Cell will 
myelinate one axon
A

Schwann Cells

24
Q

Name the cell:
-Support and nutrition for
sensory neuron cell bodies
-Found in PNS

A

Satellite Cells

25
Q

What part of the neuron is this?

  • Short, tapering, and diffusely branched
  • Receptive (input) region of a neuron
  • Convey electrical signals toward the cell body as graded potentials
A

Dendrites

26
Q

What part of the neuron is this?

  • One axon per cell arising from the axon hillock
  • Numerous terminal branches (telodendria)
  • Knoblike axon terminals (synaptic knobs or boutons)
  • Releases Neurotransmitters
A

The Axon

27
Q

What is the function of an Axon?

A

Generates and transmits nerve impulses (action potentials) away from the cell body

28
Q

Name this Axon function:

-toward axonal terminal
Examples: mitochondria, membrane components, enzymes

A

Anterograde

29
Q

Name this axon function:

-toward the cell body
Examples: organelles to be degraded, signal molecules, viruses, and bacterial toxins

A

Retrograde

30
Q

What part of the Neuron is this?

-Segmented protein-lipoid sheath around most long or large-diameter axons

A

Myelin Sheath

31
Q

What part of the neuron is this?

It functions to:

  • Protect and electrically insulate the axon
  • Increase speed of nerve impulse transmission
A

Myelin Sheath

32
Q

(Myelin Sheaths in the PNS)

-What cells wraps many times around the axon ?

A

Schwann Cells

33
Q

(Myelin Sheaths in the PNS)

-________ is a peripheral bulge of Schwann cell cytoplasm.

A

Neurilemma

34
Q

Name the Myelin sheath in the PNS that gaps between adjacent Schwann cells?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

35
Q

T or F?

-Thin nerve fibers are unmyelinated

A

True

36
Q

(Myelin Sheaths in the CNS)

T or F?
-Are Formed by processes of oligodendrocytes, not the whole cells.

A

True

37
Q

(Myelin Sheaths in the CNS)

T or F?
Are Nodes of the Ranvier present?

A

True

38
Q

Is this white or gray matter?

-Dense collections of myelinated fibers

A

White Matter

39
Q

Is this white or gray matter?

-Mostly neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers

A

Gray Matter

40
Q

What Types of Neurons is this?

-Many dendrites with a single axon (most motor neurons)

A

Multipolar Neurons

41
Q

What Types of Neurons is this?

-One dendrite and one axon (eye retina and nasal cavity)

A

Bipolar Neurons

42
Q

What Types of Neurons is this?

-Single process extending from the cell body (Dorsal root ganglia transmit sensory information from the periphery)

A

Pseudo-unipolar Neurons

43
Q

What type of process is this?

-more distal branch, often associated with a sensory receptor

A

Peripheral process

44
Q

What type of process is this?

-branch entering the CNS

A

Central Process

45
Q

Respond to adequate stimulus by generating an action potential (nerve impulse), this is the function of a ?

A

Neuron

46
Q

What are the Two main types of ion channels?

A
  1. Leakage (nongated) channels

2. Gated Channels

47
Q

T or F?

-Are Leakage (nongated) channels —always open?

A

True

48
Q

Name the type of gated channel:

-(ligand-gated) channels—open with binding of a specific neurotransmitter

A

Chemically gated

49
Q

Name the type of gated channel:

-open and close in response to changes in membrane potential

A

Voltage-gated Channels

50
Q

Name the type of gated channel:

-open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors

A

Mechanically gated Channels

A&P Lab #1 Study Guide (8 decks)

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