Chapter 11 AP Flashcards
What nervous system consists of ?
- Brain and spinal cord
- Integration and command center
Central Nervous System
What nervous system consists of ?
-Paired spinal and cranial nerves carry messages to and from the CNS
Peripheral Nervous System
What are the 2 functional divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?
- Sensory (Afferent) division
2. Motor (Efferent) division
Somatic afferent fibers and visceral afferent fibers are part of Sensory (Afferent) or Motor (efferent) divisions?
Sensory (Afferent) divison
What afferent fibers is this ?
-fibers—convey impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints
Somatic afferent fibers
What afferent fibers is this ?
-fibers—convey impulses from visceral organs
Visceral Afferent fibers
What efferent division is this?
-Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs
Motor efferent division
What motor division of PNS is this?
-Conscious control of skeletal muscles
Somatic (voluntary) nervous system
What motor division of PNS is this?
-Visceral motor nerve fibers
-Regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
-Two functional subdivisions:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system (ANS)
What are the 2 functional subdivisions of the Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system?
- Sympathetic
2. Parasympathetic
What nervous system does these parts belong too?
- A. Brain
- B. Spinal cord
Central Nervous System
What nervous system does these parts belong too?
- A. Sensory
- B. Motor
a. Somatic
b. Autonomic
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
Peripheral Nervous System
What is the name of the excitable cells that transmit electrical signals?
Neurons
(glial cells)—supporting cells are also called?
Neurolgia
Name the cell.
-surround capillaries, neurons, synaptic endings forming the blood/brain barrier --Most abundant -Regulate components of the brain fluids -Exchange of nutrients and waste
Astrocytes
Name the cell
- Help determine capillary permeability
- Guide migration of young neurons
- Control the chemical environment
- Participate in information processing in the brain
Astrocytes
Name the cell
-Lining of the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord
-Choroid plexus (blood
venules surrounded by
ependymal cells) in ventricles
secretes cerebrospinal fluid
-Cilia assist in the movement
of the fluid
Ependymal Cells
Name the cell:
- Range in shape from squamous to columnar
- May be ciliated
- Line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column
Ependymal Cells
Name the cell:
-Macrophages that respond
to infection in the CNS
-Phagocytize microorganisms and neuronal debris
Microglia
Name the cell:
–Provide the myelin sheath
for neurons in the CNS
-Insulates axons in the CNS
-Helps propagate action
potentials in the CNS.
-One Oligodendrocyte can
myelinate multiple axons
Oligodendrocytes
Name the cell:
-Surround neuron cell bodies in the PNS
Satellite Cells
Name the cell:
- Surround peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths
- Vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers
- AKA Neurolemmocytes
Schwann Cells
Name the cell: -Provide the myelin sheath for neurons in the PNS -Insulates axons in PNS -Helps propagate action potentials in PNS -One Schwann Cell will myelinate one axon
Schwann Cells
Name the cell:
-Support and nutrition for
sensory neuron cell bodies
-Found in PNS
Satellite Cells
What part of the neuron is this?
- Short, tapering, and diffusely branched
- Receptive (input) region of a neuron
- Convey electrical signals toward the cell body as graded potentials
Dendrites
What part of the neuron is this?
- One axon per cell arising from the axon hillock
- Numerous terminal branches (telodendria)
- Knoblike axon terminals (synaptic knobs or boutons)
- Releases Neurotransmitters
The Axon
What is the function of an Axon?
Generates and transmits nerve impulses (action potentials) away from the cell body
Name this Axon function:
-toward axonal terminal
Examples: mitochondria, membrane components, enzymes
Anterograde
Name this axon function:
-toward the cell body
Examples: organelles to be degraded, signal molecules, viruses, and bacterial toxins
Retrograde
What part of the Neuron is this?
-Segmented protein-lipoid sheath around most long or large-diameter axons
Myelin Sheath
What part of the neuron is this?
It functions to:
- Protect and electrically insulate the axon
- Increase speed of nerve impulse transmission
Myelin Sheath
(Myelin Sheaths in the PNS)
-What cells wraps many times around the axon ?
Schwann Cells
(Myelin Sheaths in the PNS)
-________ is a peripheral bulge of Schwann cell cytoplasm.
Neurilemma
Name the Myelin sheath in the PNS that gaps between adjacent Schwann cells?
Nodes of Ranvier
T or F?
-Thin nerve fibers are unmyelinated
True
(Myelin Sheaths in the CNS)
T or F?
-Are Formed by processes of oligodendrocytes, not the whole cells.
True
(Myelin Sheaths in the CNS)
T or F?
Are Nodes of the Ranvier present?
True
Is this white or gray matter?
-Dense collections of myelinated fibers
White Matter
Is this white or gray matter?
-Mostly neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers
Gray Matter
What Types of Neurons is this?
-Many dendrites with a single axon (most motor neurons)
Multipolar Neurons
What Types of Neurons is this?
-One dendrite and one axon (eye retina and nasal cavity)
Bipolar Neurons
What Types of Neurons is this?
-Single process extending from the cell body (Dorsal root ganglia transmit sensory information from the periphery)
Pseudo-unipolar Neurons
What type of process is this?
-more distal branch, often associated with a sensory receptor
Peripheral process
What type of process is this?
-branch entering the CNS
Central Process
Respond to adequate stimulus by generating an action potential (nerve impulse), this is the function of a ?
Neuron
What are the Two main types of ion channels?
- Leakage (nongated) channels
2. Gated Channels
T or F?
-Are Leakage (nongated) channels —always open?
True
Name the type of gated channel:
-(ligand-gated) channels—open with binding of a specific neurotransmitter
Chemically gated
Name the type of gated channel:
-open and close in response to changes in membrane potential
Voltage-gated Channels
Name the type of gated channel:
-open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors
Mechanically gated Channels
