Tissues & Integumentary System

Question 1

Understand the divisions of the skin as well as their subdivisions

Answer 1

• Epidermis: superficial region ( avascular )
• Dermis: mostly fibrous connective tissue ( vascular )
• Hypodermis: subcutaneous layer deep to skin, not part of skin but shares some functions, mostly adipose tissue that absorbs shock and insulates, and anchors skin to underlying structures: mostly muscles

Question 2

Definition of Thick Skin

Answer 2

contains five layers and is found in high-abrasion areas

Question 3

Definition of Thin Skin

Answer 3

contains only four strata layers

Question 4

Layers of the Epidermis in Thick Skin ( from deep to superficial )

Answer 4

1. Stratum basale ( base layer )
2. Stratum spinosum ( spiny layer; think of spikes )
3. Stratum granulosum ( granular layer; think grains of salt or rice )
4. Stratum lucidum ( clear layer )
5. Stratum corenum ( horny layer )
   ( Bad Skin Gets Care )

Question 5

Layers of the Dermis

Answer 5

• Papillary Layer: areolar connective tissue with collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and blood vessels ( contains dermal papillae )
• Reticular Layer: makes up 80% of dermal thickness and consists of coarse, dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 6

Know the alterations in skin color than can indicate disease

Answer 6

• cyanosis: blue skin color; lack of oxygen
• pallor: blanching or pale color; anemia, low blood pressure, fear & anger
• erytherma: redness; fever, hypertension, inflammation, and allergy
• jaundice: yellow cast; may result in liver failure

Question 7

ABCD Rule of early skin cancer detection

Answer 7

• A: asymmetry; the two sides of the pigmented area do not match
• B: border irregularity; exhibits identations
• C: color; contains several colors such as black, brown, tan, sometimes red and blue
• D: diameter; larger than 6 mm ( size of pencil eraser )

Question 8

Know the functional differences between Eccrine and Apocrine glands

Answer 8

Eccrine glands: abundant on palms, soles, and forehead, has secretion of sweat, contains 99% water, salts, vitamin C, anti-bodies, dermcidin, & metabolic wastes

Apocrine glands: confined to axillary and anogenital glands, secretes viscous milky or yellowish sweat that contains fatty substances and proteins ( bacteria breaks down sweat, leading to body odor )

Question 9

Know the difference between Sudoriferous and Sebaceous Glands

Answer 9

Sudoriferous glands: contains the eccrine and apocrine glands

Sebaceous glands: widely distributed, except for thick skin of palms and soles, secretes sebum, and most develop from hair follicles and secrete into hair follicles

Question 10

Definition of Dermal Papillae

Answer 10

superficial region of dermis with fingerlike projections up into epidermis

Question 11

Example from Test: Which of the following layers of the epidermis is NOT found in thin skin?

Answer 11

Stratum Lucidum

Question 12

Example from Test: the ____ layer of the epidermis consists of a single row of stem cells which actively divide?

Answer 12

Stratum Basale

Question 13

Example from Test: True or False; the papillary layer of the dermis comprises 80% of dermal thickness

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Example from Test: someone presents with erytherma of the skin, they could be suffering/experiencing all of the following causes except

Answer 14

Anemia