Tissues and Primary Growth of stems Flashcards
cells that divide for life of plant, can give rise to all plant structures
Meristem
Shoot system =
leaves + stem
derived from shoot and root apical meristems
primary plant body
composed of primary tissues, constitutes the herbaceous parts of a plant
primary plant body
derived from meristems other than apical meristems
secondary plant body
meristems that are found in plants that exhibit secondary growth
lateral meristems
lateral meristems give rise to ________ which are collectively called the secondary plant body
secondary tissues
woody plants have two types:
- vascular cambium
- cork cambium
– tips of root and
shoot
– increase in height
Apical Meristem
– cylinders within
plant body
– increase in width
Lateral Meristem
Three Basic Types of Plant Cells and Tissues Based on Cell Wall
- Parenchyma
- Collenchyma
- Sclerenchyma
Thin, primary walls. Typically alive at maturity.
Many functions
Parenchyma
Unevenly thickened primary walls. Typically alive
at maturity. Provide plastic support
Collenchyma
-Primary walls plus secondary walls. Many dead at
maturity. Provide elastic support and some
(tracheary elements) are involved in water
transport
Schlerenchyma
more or less isodiametric; often dead at maturity
sclereids
long; many types are dead, other types remain alive and involved in storage
fibers
long and narrow with tapered ends; contains no perforations. Dead at maturity. Found in all vascular plants
tracheids
short and wide with rather perpendicular walls; must contains one or two perforations
vessel elements
transports sugars and other items
phloem
mainly consists of dead cells that have primary and secondary cell walls which provide support
schlerenchyma
transports water and minerals through vessel elements and tracheids, which are dead at maturity and have primary and secondary walls
xylem
are unspecialized cells that carry out most of a plant’s metabolism
parenchyma
parenchyma cells within chloroplasts are called ________
chlorenchyma cells
function of parenchyma
stores and assimilates food, store waste products like tannin, gums and resin
function of collenchyma
provides mechanical support, manufacture sugar and starch
arrangement of leaves on the stem
phyllotaxy
true or false
In order to function properly, a tissue and tissues of an organ must contain the right cells in the proper arrangement. In order to function properly,
the tissues of an organ must be arranged correctly
true
microscopic pores found on the lower epidermis of the leaf
stomata
specialized cells that are used to control gas exchange; are produced in pairs with a gap between them that forms a stomatal pore
guard cells
true or false
when guard cells are swollen, the stoma closes
false
when guard cells are swollen, the stoma opens
true or false
when guard cells are shrunken, the stoma closes
true
epidermal cells that elongated
outwards
Trichomes
chemicals that compose collenchyma
pectin
special property of collenchyma
plasticity
special property of schlerenchyma
strength, waterproofing
special property of epidermis
waterproofing; indigestible by bacteria, fungi, and animals
chemicals in epidermis
cutin/waxes
chemical in schlerenchyma
lignin
chemicals in endodermis
suberin, lignin
chemicals in cork (in bark)
suberin
conducts sugar and
water to areas where it is needed
phloem
Three Types of Plant Tissue
- vascular tissue
- ground tissue
- dermal tissue
tissue for synthesis of sugars, storage and support
ground tissue
tissue for transport and support
vascular tissue
tissue for protection
dermal tissue
increases girth
secondary plant body
primary parts of a plant
stem, roots, leaves
outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles
cortex
a small zone at the center of the stem, consisting of parenchyma cells and originating as a primary tissue from the ground meristem
pith
