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Botany > Cell Structures > Flashcards

Cell Structures Flashcards

1
Q

CELL TYPES AND SPECIALIZATION

Cell division; produce new protoplasm

A

Cells of shoot/root tips

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2
Q

Water retention; cutin and wax are barriers against fungi and insects

A

Epidermis

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3
Q

Protection: produce poisons that inhibit animals from harming plants

A

Epidermal gland

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4
Q

Collect solar energy by photosynthesis

A

Green leaf cells

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5
Q

Collect water and minerals

A

Root epidermal cells

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6
Q

Transport water, minerals, and organic molecules

A

Vascular cells

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7
Q

pigments that attract pollinators

A

Petal cells

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8
Q

fragrances that attract pollinators

A

Scent cells

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9
Q

sugars that attract pollinators

A

Nectar cells

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10
Q

indirectly involved in producing sperm cells

A

Stamen cells

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11
Q

: indirectly involved in producing egg cells

A

Carpel cells

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12
Q

produce sugars aromas, flavorful compounds that attract fruit-eating/seed-dispersing animals

A

fruit cells

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13
Q

describes the cell
membrane as a tapestry of several types of
molecules (phospholipids, cholesterols,
and proteins) that are constantly moving.

A

The fluid mosaic model

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14
Q

The movement of molecules helps the cell membrane
_____________________

A

maintain its role as a barrier between the inside
and outside of the cell environments

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15
Q

properties of membrane

A
  1. Growth
  2. Permeability
  3. Dynamic
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16
Q

composition of protoplasm

A

Water, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins

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17
Q

is a double-membraned organelle that
contains the genetic material
and other instructions
required for cellular
processes

A

nucleus

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18
Q

structure of the nucleus

A

Chromatin: DNA and proteins
Nucleolus: Chromatin and ribosomal
subunits
Nuclear envelope: Double membrane with
pores
Nucleoplasm: semifluid medium inside the
nucleus

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19
Q

Organelles ________ functions within the cell.

A

compartmentalized/divided

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20
Q

are membranous
sacs in the cell that store
substances.

A

vacuoles, vesicles

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20
Q

are membranous
sacs in the cell that store
substances.

A

vacuoles, vesicles

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21
Q

contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates
and the cristae house protein complexes that produce ATP

A

matrix

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22
Q

The inner membranes of mitochondria

A

cristae

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23
Q

Group of dynamic organelles able to perform many metabolic functions such as
synthesis, storage, and export of specialized lipid molecules; storage of carbohydrates
and iron; and formation of colors in flowers and fruits.
▪Site of synthesis of amino acids: isoleucine, valine, and those that contain aromatic
rings (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine), or are derived from aspartate (lysine,
threonine, and methionine)

A

plastids

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24
Q

plastids are bounded by two membranes enclosing a fluid-filled________ that contains enzymes

A

stroma

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25
Q

Membranes inside the stroma are organized into ________ that house chlorophyll

A

thylakoids

26
Q

absorbs solar energy and carbohydrates are made in the stroma

A

chlorophyll

27
Q

plastids

Store starch; considered to be
leucoplasts

A

amyloplast

28
Q

plastids

Carry out photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

29
Q

plastids

Contain abundant colored lipids; in
flowers and fruits

A

Chromoplasts

30
Q

plastids

A specific stage in the
transformation of proplastids to
chloroplasts; occur when tissues are
grown without light

A

Etioplasts

31
Q

plastids

Colorless plastids; synthesis lipids
and other materials

A

Leucoplasts

32
Q

plastids

Small, undifferentiated plastids

A

Prioplastids

33
Q

pigment droplets in chromoplast

A

Plastoglobuli

34
Q

Protein synthesis occurs at tiny
organelles called ___________

A

ribosomes

35
Q

Ribosomes can be found alone in
the cytoplasm, in groups called
________, or attached to the _________________

A
  1. polyribosomes
  2. endoplasmic reticulum.
36
Q

The endomembrane system consists of:

A
    • Nuclear envelope
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Vesicles
37
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a system of
membranous channels and ________

A

saccules

38
Q

is studded with ribosomes and is the site of
protein synthesis and processing

A

Rough ER

39
Q

lacks ribosomes and is the site of synthesis
of phospholipids and the packaging of proteins into
vesicles, among other functions.

A

Smooth ER

40
Q

The ____________ consists of a stack of curved saccules; this organelle may also be involved in secretion

A

Golgi apparatus/dictyosomes

41
Q

The Golgi apparatus ________________ and ________________ from the
ER, packages, processes, and distributes them within the cell.

A
  1. receives protein and lipid-filled vesicles
42
Q

Numerous small spherical bodies that produces or uses
the dangerous compound hydrogen peroxide.

A

microbodies

43
Q

are vesicles than contain enzymes
involved in detoxifying certain by-products of
photosynthesis and are found closely associated with
chloroplast,

A

Peroxisomes

44
Q

involved in converting stored fats into
sugars. Important organelle during germination, of fatrich, oily seeds such as peanut, sunflower, and

A

Glyoxysomes

45
Q

Clear substance found in the cytoplasm or hyaloplasm

A

Cytosol

46
Q

is a network of filaments and
tubules that extends from the nucleus to the plasma
membrane

A

The eukaryotic cytoskeleton

47
Q

The cytoskeleton contains three types of elements
responsible for cell shape, movement within the cell, and
movement of the cell

A

 Microtubules
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments

48
Q

are small hollow cylinders
made of the globular protein tubulin

A

Microtubules

49
Q

Microtubule assembly is controlled by
the microtubule organizing center,
called the ___________

A

centrosome

50
Q

true or false

Microtubules help maintain the shape
of the cell and act as tracks along
which organelles can move

A

true

51
Q

are ropelike assemblies of fibrous polypeptides that support the plasma
membrane and nuclear envelope

A

Intermediate filaments

52
Q

provides a scaffold to
organize the internal
structure of the cells

A

Intermediate filaments

53
Q

occur in bundles or mesh-like networks

A

Microfilaments

54
Q

It drives cytoplasmic streaming

A

Actin
-myosin interactions

55
Q

Formed from inert secretion
providing strength and protection to
the protoplasm inside, and where
considerable metabolism occurs.

A

cell wall

56
Q

all protoplasm within a single plant

A

Symplast

57
Q

Intercellular space + cell wall = ?

A

apoplast

58
Q

Apoplast + symplast= ________

A

entire plant

59
Q

Cytoplasmic channel for
intercellular communication

A

Plasmodesmata

60
Q

true or false

Fungal walls do not contain plastids of any type

A

true

61
Q

true or false

Fungal walls contain cellulose

A

false

Walls contain chitin, not cellulose

62
Q

apoplastic pathway is ______

A

through cell wall

Botany (4 decks)

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