Tissues and Organs

Question 1

Epithelial tissue

Answer 1

• Major functions: lines body cavities and outer surface of body, protects organs and keeps them in place
• Example: skin
• Specialized cells: melanocytes

Question 2

Connective tissue

Answer 2

• Major functions: Supports and protects structures, forms blood, stores fat, fills empty space
• Example: bones
• Specialized cells: osteoblast cells

Question 3

Muscle tissue

Answer 3

• Major functions: allows movement
• Example: skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles
• Specialized cells: cardiac myocytes

Question 4

Nervous tissue

Answer 4

• Major functions: responds to stimuli, transmits and stores information
• Example: brain and spinal cord
• Specialized cells: neurons

Question 5

Meristematic tissue

Answer 5

• Major functions: Unspecialized tissue capable of dividing by mitosis, responsible for growing new parts of a plant
• Example: stem tips
• Specialized cells: N/A

Question 6

Epidermal tissue

Answer 6

• Major functions: forms a protective outer covering, allows the exchange of materials and gases in and out
• Example: on top and underneath the leaf
• Specialized cells: guard cells

Question 7

Ground tissue

Answer 7

• Major functions: In the stem- provides strength and support, in the roots- stores food and water, in the leaves- where photosynthesis
• Example: roots
• Specialized cells: mesophyll cells

Question 8

Vascular tissue

Answer 8

• Major functions: Moves substances from the roots to the leaves, transports sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant
• Example: phloem
• Specialized cells: Sieve elements

Question 9

Skin

Answer 9

• Protects cells from damage and infection
• Releases excess heat and some wastes (urea, salt)
• Makes vitamin D
• Cools the body by sweating
• Insulates the body with layers of fat
• Senses the environment: pain, pressure, heat and cold

Question 10

Lungs

Answer 10

• Allows intake of oxygen, and exhalation of carbon dioxide

Question 11

Heart

Answer 11

• Supplies blood to all parts of the body, about 300g

Question 12

Mouth

Answer 12

• Chews food
• Produces saliva

Question 13

Esophagus

Answer 13

• Moves food along by peristalsis, constriction and relaxation of smooth muscles in the esophageal walls

Question 14

Stomach

Answer 14

• Churns food and mixes it with digestive juices and enzymes

Question 15

Intestines

Answer 15

• Absorb nutrients and water

Question 16

Roots

Answer 16

• Collect and transport water and nutrients
• Anchor the plant
• Store food made by leaves

Question 17

Leaves

Answer 17

• Photosynthesis (turning CO2 into O2)

Question 18

Stems

Answer 18

• Transports water and nutrients
• Supports leaves and flowers

Question 19

Flowers

Answer 19

• Reproductive structure of the plant
• May become fruit or a hard shell

Question 20

What are some reasons organ sales might be restricted?

Answer 20

• Allowing organs to be bought and sold would lead to the exploitation of the poor and ignorant, especially in impoverished third-world countries.
• People living in extreme poverty are often desperate and ill-informed.
• There is a national and global organ shortage. There are more people on organ waiting lists than potential donors.