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Anatomy and Physiology > Tissues, and Cell Junctions > Flashcards

Tissues, and Cell Junctions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types cell junctions?

A

Tight Juntion
Adherens
Desmosomes
Hemisomes
Gap Junctions

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2
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Sealing; Helps prevent molecules from passing through like a ziplock bag

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3
Q

Adheren Junctions

A

Anchor at the cell via plaque like Velcro or a zipper

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4
Q

Desmosome Junctions

A

Anchoring; Bind cells by forming “spot welds” between membranes like two sheets

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5
Q

Hemisome Junctions

A

Anchoring; Anchor to basement membrane

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6
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Communication between cells

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7
Q

Adheren Junctions are anchored with…..

A

Actin Filaments

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8
Q

Desmosomes are anchored with….

A

Keratin Filaments

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9
Q

Adherens have what inside a cell?

A

Dense barier of protien called plaque on the inside of the cells

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10
Q

Gap Junctions are….

A

Intercellular and communicate with ‘connexins’ like tubes that connect cell to cell

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11
Q

What are the 4 tissue types?

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
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12
Q

Epithelial tissue+ Connective tissue=

A

Membrane

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13
Q

What are Cell Junctions?

A

How cells are formed together to form tissues

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14
Q

Inter=

A

Between

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15
Q

Intra=

A

Within

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16
Q

Structural level of organization:

A

cell> tissue>organ>systems>organism

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17
Q

Tissue is…

A

An aggregation of similar cells and their intercellular substances that work together to perform a specialized function.

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18
Q

The structures and the properties of specific tissue are influenced by….

A

Extracellular matrix that surrounds the cell (ECM), the connections between the cells of tissue.

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19
Q

Epithelial tissue has/is….

A

little to no ECM, and avascular (no blood supply)

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20
Q

Connective tissue has/is..

A

Tons of ECM, and vascular (blood supply

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21
Q

Avascular is.

A

No blood supply

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22
Q

Vascular is…

A

Blood Supply

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23
Q

Epithelial tissue relies on what tissue and why?

A

Relies on connective tissue to llie adjacent to them for waste removal and oxygen via blood

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24
Q

4 Functions of Epithelial Tissue..

A

Protection
Filtration
Absorption
Secretion

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25
Q

2 main types of epithelial tissue

A
  1. covering and lining epithelial tissue
  2. glandular
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26
Q

Epithelial tissue is characterized by….

A

Closely packed cells with little to no ECM

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27
Q

Apical is…

A

Faces inside the organ

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28
Q

Lateral is…

A

Goes on left to right

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29
Q

Basal is….

A

Locked into basement membrane

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30
Q

What are the layer arrangements?

A
  1. Simple
  2. Stratified
  3. pseudo-stratified
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31
Q

Simple layer has…

A

1 layer

32
Q

Stratified layer has…

A

2 or more layers

33
Q

Pseudo-Stratified layer has….

A

Gives off the appearance of 2+ but actually is 1

34
Q

What is the shapes of epithelial cells?

A
  1. Squamous
  2. Cuboidal
  3. Columnar
35
Q

What are the 2 types of columnar?

A
  1. Ciliated- hair like structures
  2. Non-ciliated- no hair like structures
36
Q

Transitional layering is found where and what does it do?

A

Found within the bladder, needs to be able to expand and compress

37
Q

Glandular epithelial…

A

Functions in secretion- specific epithelial cells that produce and send substances into ducts into surfaces or into blood stream

38
Q

All glands in the body are classified by?

A

Endocrine, and exocrine

39
Q

Endocrine is…

A

Ductless, secrete directly into blood stream

40
Q

Exocrine is..

A

Have ducts, secrete ducts to surfaces of skin, or lumen of organs (ex. sweat)

41
Q

Endo=

A

within

42
Q

Exo=

A

outside of

43
Q

3 Types of exocrine…

A
  1. Holocrine
  2. Monocrane
  3. Apocrine
44
Q

Holocrine…

A

Accumulate secretions within the cells cytosol, cell dies
(sebaceous glands, oil)

45
Q

Monocrane…

A

Discharges secretion, but stays intact (sweat, saliva)

46
Q

Apocrine….

A

Pinches off part of the cell to become the secretion (mammary glands, milk production)

47
Q

Connective tissue is…

A

the most abundant tissue type

48
Q

Connective tissue functions:

A
  1. Protection
  2. Support
  3. organ binding
  4. energy storage
  5. immunity
49
Q

Characteristics of Connective tissue:

A
  1. cells
  2. ground substance
  3. Fibers
50
Q

Ground substance+ fibers=

A

ECM, unique to each connective tissue type

51
Q

Connective tissue categories:

A
  1. Embryonic
  2. Mature
52
Q

2 types of Embryonic connective tissue:

A
  1. Mesenchymal
  2. Mucosal
53
Q

Mesenchymal is found?

A

Almost exclusively found under the skin

54
Q

Mucosal is found?

A

Umbilical cord of fetus

55
Q

Mature connective tissue types:

A
  1. Loose
  2. Dense
  3. Cartilage
  4. Bone
  5. Blood
56
Q

Loose Connective tissue is:

A

Loosely arranged amongst cells

57
Q

Types of Loose Connective tissue and where they are found?

A
  1. areolar= packing material around body
  2. adipose tissue= anywhere we have fat
  3. Reticular= in the stroma of major organs
58
Q

Subsets of loose adipose connective tissue:

A
  1. Unicellular (white)
  2. Multicellular (brown)
59
Q

Dense connective tissue (densely arranged) types and where they are found?

A
  1. Regular= forms tendons and ligaments
  2. Irregular= found in facia (bone>muscle)
  3. Elastic= lung tissues, tubing, some vertebrae
60
Q

Cartilage (opposite order naming) types and where they are found:

A
  1. Hyaline-Most abundant, ends of long bones
  2. Fibrocartilage- pubis, discs, knees
  3. Elastic- ears, and epiglottis
61
Q

What makes up a membrane?

A

Epithelial tissue+ connective tissue= membrane

62
Q

Membrane types:

A
  1. Mucus membrane
  2. Seros membrane
  3. Cutaneous membrane
    3.5. Sinovial membrane
63
Q

Mucus membrane is found and example:

A

Line cavities that open to the outside, example GI tract/trachea

64
Q

Seros membrane is found and example:

A

DON’T open to outside, example organs

65
Q

Cutaneous membrane is found:

A

SKIN

66
Q

Sinovial membrane is found and example:

A

ONLY has connective, example joint cavities, secrete sinovial fluid

67
Q

Muscular tissue functions:

A
  1. motion
  2. contraction
  3. posture
  4. heat Maintenace
68
Q

3 types of muscular tissue:

A
  1. skeletal
  2. cardiac
  3. smooth
69
Q

Skeletal is

A

striated, voluntary, multi nucleus, shaped longitudinal

70
Q

Cardiac is

A

striated, not voluntary, uni nucleus, shaped branched

71
Q

Smooth is

A

No striations, not voluntary, uni nucleus, shaped spindal

72
Q

Nervous tissue functions:

A

Signaling (communication)

73
Q

2 main cells:

A
  1. neurons
  2. Neuralgia
74
Q

Neurons are…

A

Nervous cells that send/receive stimuli (oddly shaped, larger)

75
Q

Neuralgia are…

A

support cells (small)

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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