Tissues, and Cell Junctions Flashcards
What are the 5 types cell junctions?
Tight Juntion
Adherens
Desmosomes
Hemisomes
Gap Junctions
Tight Junctions
Sealing; Helps prevent molecules from passing through like a ziplock bag
Adheren Junctions
Anchor at the cell via plaque like Velcro or a zipper
Desmosome Junctions
Anchoring; Bind cells by forming “spot welds” between membranes like two sheets
Hemisome Junctions
Anchoring; Anchor to basement membrane
Gap Junctions
Communication between cells
Adheren Junctions are anchored with…..
Actin Filaments
Desmosomes are anchored with….
Keratin Filaments
Adherens have what inside a cell?
Dense barier of protien called plaque on the inside of the cells
Gap Junctions are….
Intercellular and communicate with ‘connexins’ like tubes that connect cell to cell
What are the 4 tissue types?
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscular
- Nervous
Epithelial tissue+ Connective tissue=
Membrane
What are Cell Junctions?
How cells are formed together to form tissues
Inter=
Between
Intra=
Within
Structural level of organization:
cell> tissue>organ>systems>organism
Tissue is…
An aggregation of similar cells and their intercellular substances that work together to perform a specialized function.
The structures and the properties of specific tissue are influenced by….
Extracellular matrix that surrounds the cell (ECM), the connections between the cells of tissue.
Epithelial tissue has/is….
little to no ECM, and avascular (no blood supply)
Connective tissue has/is..
Tons of ECM, and vascular (blood supply
Avascular is.
No blood supply
Vascular is…
Blood Supply
Epithelial tissue relies on what tissue and why?
Relies on connective tissue to llie adjacent to them for waste removal and oxygen via blood
4 Functions of Epithelial Tissue..
Protection
Filtration
Absorption
Secretion
2 main types of epithelial tissue
- covering and lining epithelial tissue
- glandular
Epithelial tissue is characterized by….
Closely packed cells with little to no ECM
Apical is…
Faces inside the organ
Lateral is…
Goes on left to right
Basal is….
Locked into basement membrane
What are the layer arrangements?
- Simple
- Stratified
- pseudo-stratified
Simple layer has…
1 layer
Stratified layer has…
2 or more layers
Pseudo-Stratified layer has….
Gives off the appearance of 2+ but actually is 1
What is the shapes of epithelial cells?
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
What are the 2 types of columnar?
- Ciliated- hair like structures
- Non-ciliated- no hair like structures
Transitional layering is found where and what does it do?
Found within the bladder, needs to be able to expand and compress
Glandular epithelial…
Functions in secretion- specific epithelial cells that produce and send substances into ducts into surfaces or into blood stream
All glands in the body are classified by?
Endocrine, and exocrine
Endocrine is…
Ductless, secrete directly into blood stream
Exocrine is..
Have ducts, secrete ducts to surfaces of skin, or lumen of organs (ex. sweat)
Endo=
within
Exo=
outside of
3 Types of exocrine…
- Holocrine
- Monocrane
- Apocrine
Holocrine…
Accumulate secretions within the cells cytosol, cell dies
(sebaceous glands, oil)
Monocrane…
Discharges secretion, but stays intact (sweat, saliva)
Apocrine….
Pinches off part of the cell to become the secretion (mammary glands, milk production)
Connective tissue is…
the most abundant tissue type
Connective tissue functions:
- Protection
- Support
- organ binding
- energy storage
- immunity
Characteristics of Connective tissue:
- cells
- ground substance
- Fibers
Ground substance+ fibers=
ECM, unique to each connective tissue type
Connective tissue categories:
- Embryonic
- Mature
2 types of Embryonic connective tissue:
- Mesenchymal
- Mucosal
Mesenchymal is found?
Almost exclusively found under the skin
Mucosal is found?
Umbilical cord of fetus
Mature connective tissue types:
- Loose
- Dense
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Blood
Loose Connective tissue is:
Loosely arranged amongst cells
Types of Loose Connective tissue and where they are found?
- areolar= packing material around body
- adipose tissue= anywhere we have fat
- Reticular= in the stroma of major organs
Subsets of loose adipose connective tissue:
- Unicellular (white)
- Multicellular (brown)
Dense connective tissue (densely arranged) types and where they are found?
- Regular= forms tendons and ligaments
- Irregular= found in facia (bone>muscle)
- Elastic= lung tissues, tubing, some vertebrae
Cartilage (opposite order naming) types and where they are found:
- Hyaline-Most abundant, ends of long bones
- Fibrocartilage- pubis, discs, knees
- Elastic- ears, and epiglottis
What makes up a membrane?
Epithelial tissue+ connective tissue= membrane
Membrane types:
- Mucus membrane
- Seros membrane
- Cutaneous membrane
3.5. Sinovial membrane
Mucus membrane is found and example:
Line cavities that open to the outside, example GI tract/trachea
Seros membrane is found and example:
DON’T open to outside, example organs
Cutaneous membrane is found:
SKIN
Sinovial membrane is found and example:
ONLY has connective, example joint cavities, secrete sinovial fluid
Muscular tissue functions:
- motion
- contraction
- posture
- heat Maintenace
3 types of muscular tissue:
- skeletal
- cardiac
- smooth
Skeletal is
striated, voluntary, multi nucleus, shaped longitudinal
Cardiac is
striated, not voluntary, uni nucleus, shaped branched
Smooth is
No striations, not voluntary, uni nucleus, shaped spindal
Nervous tissue functions:
Signaling (communication)
2 main cells:
- neurons
- Neuralgia
Neurons are…
Nervous cells that send/receive stimuli (oddly shaped, larger)
Neuralgia are…
support cells (small)