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Anatomy and Physiology > Tissues, and Cell Junctions > Flashcards

Tissues, and Cell Junctions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types cell junctions?

A

Tight Juntion
Adherens
Desmosomes
Hemisomes
Gap Junctions

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2
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Sealing; Helps prevent molecules from passing through like a ziplock bag

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3
Q

Adheren Junctions

A

Anchor at the cell via plaque like Velcro or a zipper

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4
Q

Desmosome Junctions

A

Anchoring; Bind cells by forming “spot welds” between membranes like two sheets

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5
Q

Hemisome Junctions

A

Anchoring; Anchor to basement membrane

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6
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Communication between cells

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7
Q

Adheren Junctions are anchored with…..

A

Actin Filaments

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8
Q

Desmosomes are anchored with….

A

Keratin Filaments

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9
Q

Adherens have what inside a cell?

A

Dense barier of protien called plaque on the inside of the cells

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10
Q

Gap Junctions are….

A

Intercellular and communicate with ‘connexins’ like tubes that connect cell to cell

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11
Q

What are the 4 tissue types?

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
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12
Q

Epithelial tissue+ Connective tissue=

A

Membrane

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13
Q

What are Cell Junctions?

A

How cells are formed together to form tissues

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14
Q

Inter=

A

Between

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15
Q

Intra=

A

Within

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16
Q

Structural level of organization:

A

cell> tissue>organ>systems>organism

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17
Q

Tissue is…

A

An aggregation of similar cells and their intercellular substances that work together to perform a specialized function.

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18
Q

The structures and the properties of specific tissue are influenced by….

A

Extracellular matrix that surrounds the cell (ECM), the connections between the cells of tissue.

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19
Q

Epithelial tissue has/is….

A

little to no ECM, and avascular (no blood supply)

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20
Q

Connective tissue has/is..

A

Tons of ECM, and vascular (blood supply

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21
Q

Avascular is.

A

No blood supply

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22
Q

Vascular is…

A

Blood Supply

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23
Q

Epithelial tissue relies on what tissue and why?

A

Relies on connective tissue to llie adjacent to them for waste removal and oxygen via blood

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24
Q

4 Functions of Epithelial Tissue..

A

Protection
Filtration
Absorption
Secretion

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25
2 main types of epithelial tissue
1. covering and lining epithelial tissue 2. glandular
26
Epithelial tissue is characterized by....
Closely packed cells with little to no ECM
27
Apical is...
Faces inside the organ
28
Lateral is...
Goes on left to right
29
Basal is....
Locked into basement membrane
30
What are the layer arrangements?
1. Simple 2. Stratified 3. pseudo-stratified
31
Simple layer has...
1 layer
32
Stratified layer has...
2 or more layers
33
Pseudo-Stratified layer has....
Gives off the appearance of 2+ but actually is 1
34
What is the shapes of epithelial cells?
1. Squamous 2. Cuboidal 3. Columnar
35
What are the 2 types of columnar?
1. Ciliated- hair like structures 2. Non-ciliated- no hair like structures
36
Transitional layering is found where and what does it do?
Found within the bladder, needs to be able to expand and compress
37
Glandular epithelial...
Functions in secretion- specific epithelial cells that produce and send substances into ducts into surfaces or into blood stream
38
All glands in the body are classified by?
Endocrine, and exocrine
39
Endocrine is...
Ductless, secrete directly into blood stream
40
Exocrine is..
Have ducts, secrete ducts to surfaces of skin, or lumen of organs (ex. sweat)
41
Endo=
within
42
Exo=
outside of
43
3 Types of exocrine...
1. Holocrine 2. Monocrane 3. Apocrine
44
Holocrine...
Accumulate secretions within the cells cytosol, cell dies (sebaceous glands, oil)
45
Monocrane...
Discharges secretion, but stays intact (sweat, saliva)
46
Apocrine....
Pinches off part of the cell to become the secretion (mammary glands, milk production)
47
Connective tissue is...
the most abundant tissue type
48
Connective tissue functions:
1. Protection 2. Support 3. organ binding 4. energy storage 5. immunity
49
Characteristics of Connective tissue:
1. cells 2. ground substance 3. Fibers
50
Ground substance+ fibers=
ECM, unique to each connective tissue type
51
Connective tissue categories:
1. Embryonic 2. Mature
52
2 types of Embryonic connective tissue:
1. Mesenchymal 2. Mucosal
53
Mesenchymal is found?
Almost exclusively found under the skin
54
Mucosal is found?
Umbilical cord of fetus
55
Mature connective tissue types:
1. Loose 2. Dense 3. Cartilage 4. Bone 5. Blood
56
Loose Connective tissue is:
Loosely arranged amongst cells
57
Types of Loose Connective tissue and where they are found?
1. areolar= packing material around body 2. adipose tissue= anywhere we have fat 3. Reticular= in the stroma of major organs
58
Subsets of loose adipose connective tissue:
1. Unicellular (white) 2. Multicellular (brown)
59
Dense connective tissue (densely arranged) types and where they are found?
1. Regular= forms tendons and ligaments 2. Irregular= found in facia (bone>muscle) 3. Elastic= lung tissues, tubing, some vertebrae
60
Cartilage (opposite order naming) types and where they are found:
1. Hyaline-Most abundant, ends of long bones 2. Fibrocartilage- pubis, discs, knees 3. Elastic- ears, and epiglottis
61
What makes up a membrane?
Epithelial tissue+ connective tissue= membrane
62
Membrane types:
1. Mucus membrane 2. Seros membrane 3. Cutaneous membrane 3.5. Sinovial membrane
63
Mucus membrane is found and example:
Line cavities that open to the outside, example GI tract/trachea
64
Seros membrane is found and example:
DON'T open to outside, example organs
65
Cutaneous membrane is found:
SKIN
66
Sinovial membrane is found and example:
ONLY has connective, example joint cavities, secrete sinovial fluid
67
Muscular tissue functions:
1. motion 2. contraction 3. posture 4. heat Maintenace
68
3 types of muscular tissue:
1. skeletal 2. cardiac 3. smooth
69
Skeletal is
striated, voluntary, multi nucleus, shaped longitudinal
70
Cardiac is
striated, not voluntary, uni nucleus, shaped branched
71
Smooth is
No striations, not voluntary, uni nucleus, shaped spindal
72
Nervous tissue functions:
Signaling (communication)
73
2 main cells:
1. neurons 2. Neuralgia
74
Neurons are...
Nervous cells that send/receive stimuli (oddly shaped, larger)
75
Neuralgia are...
support cells (small)

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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