Tissues and Body Cavities Flashcards
Four basic types of primary tissue
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Neural/Nerve
Germ layers form tissues
Tissues form organs
Organs form organ systems
Fetus forms when organs are in place (1st trimester)
Functions of Epithelium
Number: Simple or Stratified
Name by the shape
Types of epithelial cells
One layer thick
allows for exchange of material
Simple
multiple layers
for protection
stratified
thin and plate-like
Simple squamous epithelium
A single layer of thin, flat cells of irregular outlines
Form continuous, thin membranes
Endothelium, Mesothelium, Mesenchymal
Squamous
lining of the subarachnoid spaces (in the brain) and chambers of the eye
Mesenchymal
simple squamous epithelium lining the body cavities (pleura and peritoneum)
Mesothelium
simple layer of squamous cells forming the inner lining of the heart, blood vessels, lymph vessels
Endothelium
equal height and width (appears square )
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Widely distributed
Choroid plexus of the nervous system,
Outer covering of the ovary,
Lining of the follicles in the thyroid gland
Cuboidal
taller than they are wide
Lining for the digestive tract
May be absorptive, secretory or both
Some secrete mucus protection
Also ciliated simple columnar
Cilia: motile extension of cell surface
Move tubular contents in a single direction
E.g. Uterine tubes (oviduct)
Columnar
stratified epithelium with a varied appearance
Lining of the muscular urinary bladder
When empty bladder contracts epithelium has many layers
When full bladder stretches only 2 – 3 layers
Transitional
appears to be multiple layers but actually has only one
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Non-ciliated exist too
Line the respiratory tract
Goblet cells provide wet surface
Entraps inhaled particles
Cilia direct the wet surface towards the mouth
Pseudostratified
Protection
Withstand wear and tear
Nonkeratinizing
Found on wet surfaces subjected to wear and tear
Inside of mouth and esophagus
Keratinizing
A.k.a. cornified
Cells fused together
Minimizes fluid loss
Greater protection
Found on epidermis (outer layer) of skin
Stratified squamous
Two types of secretions for glands originate from the epithelium
Exocrine and endocrine
secretions to the outside of the body
Have ducts
Exocrine
secretions within the body.
Ductless
Endocrine
Types of Glands
Holocrine, Mericrine and Apocrine
accumulates secretory products in its cytoplasm and then dies
Ex: Sebaceous (oily, fatty) glands
Holocrine
secrete via vesicles so no part of cell lost
Ex: Pancreas and salivary glands
Merocrine
secretions gather at the outer ends of glands and then pinch off
Ex: Mammary and sweat glands
Apocrine
Surface layer of epithelium in an underlying layer of connective tissue.
Epithelial membranes
two types of epithelial mebranes
Mucous and Serous
mucosae
Line the hollow organs and cavities
Digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive
mucous membrane
serosae
Line the body cavities and related organs
Pleura (lining thorax)
Pericardium (lining cavity outside heart)
Peritoneum (lining abdomen and pelvic cavity)
Serous membrane
Provides mechanical support
Provides place for metabolite exchange
Provides place for energy storage
From the mesoderm, connects one body part to another
All CT arise from mesenchyme (mesoderm embryonic tissue)
Have different vascularity’s (all are vascular/have blood supply except for cartilage)
Have an extracellular matrix (gives support and strength)
Connective Tissue
All CT arise from this
(mesoderm embryonic tissue)
mesenchyme
gives support and strength to connective tissue
extracellular matrix
Production of intercellular substances
Storing fat (adipocytes)
Production of various blood cells
Chiefs functions of different connective tissue
connective tissue can be classified as
loose or dense
Arranged in parallel bundles
Form tendons
Dense Regular
Fibers are interwoven and compacted to form dense matting
Found on dermis of skin
Dense irregular
Generates contractile force (movement)
Muscular Tissue
Voluntary (under conscious control), striated, attached to bone
Skeletal
Involuntary (non under conscious control), non-striated, make up walls of blood vessels or tubular organs (stomach, bladder, intestines)
Smooth
Involuntary, striated, located only at heart
Cardiac
Provides transmission, reception, integration of electrical impulses
Sends impulses through the body, no specific tissue types but specific cell types
Nerve cells: neurons, neuroglia cells / supporting cells
Nervous Tissue
Name the body cavities
Dorsal, Cranial, Vertebral, Ventral, Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic
Name the cavities under dorsal
Cranial , vertebral
Name the cavities under the ventral
thoracic, abdominal and pelvic
houses brain
cranial cavity
spinal cord
vertebral cavity
Divided into two lateral chambers
pleural cavity
serous membrane lining the chambers
pleura
lining the lungs
visceral pleura
mediastinum, costal and diaphragmatic
parietal pleura
(mediastinum)
Space in between the two lungs
Partition between two pleural cavities
Contains heart, thoracic parts of the esophagus, trachea, vessels, and nerves
Bound laterally by mediastinal pleura
Mediastinal Space
Contains kidneys, most of digestive organs, and reproductive organs
Pelvic cavity and Peritoneum
Lines the abdominal cavity and extends into the pelvic cavity
Abdominal Cavity
contains rectum and urogenital system
Pelvic Cavity
serous membrane lining the cavity
Different folds form as organs migrate into the abdominal cavity during fetal development
Peritoneum
folds of the peritoneum that passes from the stomach to other viscera
Omentum
folds of peritoneum that attaches intestine to the dorsal wall of abdominal cavity
Mesentery
folds that pass between viscera, other parts of the digestive tube, or connect them with the abdominal wall
Ligaments
