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Anatatomy and Phisiology > Basics of Structure and Function: The Cell > Flashcards

Basics of Structure and Function: The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

the smallest unit of life

A

Cells

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2
Q

A group of cells performing the same function (muscles, nerves)

A

Tissue

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3
Q

two or more types of tissues (skin, kidney, intestine, liver)

A

Organ

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4
Q

2+ organs working together (respiratory, digestive, reproductive, cardiovascular

A

Organ System

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5
Q

(bipolar: outside = hydrophilic, inside hydrophobic)

A

Lipid bilayer

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6
Q

(plasmalemma) has lipid bilayer and integral proteins

A

Cell membrane

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7
Q

Carriers, channels, receptors

A

Integral proteins

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8
Q

Nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Mitochondria, Lysosomes and Centrosome

A

Organelles of the Cell

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9
Q

control center

DNA and RNA

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

Rough ER: protein synthesis

Smooth ER: lipid synthesis

A

Endoplastic reticulum

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11
Q

protein synthesis

A

Rough ER

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12
Q

lipid synthesis

A

Smooth ER

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13
Q

packaging materials

Form vesicles, lysosomes

A

Golgi apparatus

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14
Q

powerhouse

Citric acid cycle

A

Mitochondria

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15
Q

intracellular digestion

A

Lysosomes

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16
Q

spindle pole to organize during cell division

A

Centrosome

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17
Q

Occurs in mitochondria

Citric acid cycle

Aerobic (oxygen)

Metabolic oxidation

Catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

Produces ATP

Also produces metabolic water

A

Energy Production

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18
Q

Transcription

Translation

Mitosis

A

Function of DNA and RNA

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19
Q

increases cell size or number  tissue size  organ size

A

Cell growth

20
Q

reproduction of cells

A

Hyperplasia

21
Q

increased size of a cell with increased functional capacity

A

Hypertrophy

22
Q

decreased size of cell/s, not being used so tissue decreases in size (muscles in arm when in a cast)

A

Atrophy

23
Q

tissue doesn’t develop completely

A

Hypoplasia

24
Q

tissue doesn’t develop at all

A

Aplasia

25
Q

produce more cells and/or organisms
Can be Asexual or Sexual

A

Reproduction

26
Q

mitosis—most cells

A

Asexual

27
Q

meiosis—gonads only in multicellular organisms

A

Sexual

28
Q

utilization of nutrients
Can be anabolism or catabolism

A

Metabolism

29
Q

Building nutrients

A

Anabolism

30
Q

Breakdown of nutrients

A

Catabolism

31
Q

Irritability (excitability

Nervous and endocrine system mostly in multicellular organisms

Getting material in/out of cells

Diffusion,

Active transport

Endocytosis

Phagocytosis

pinocytosis,

Exocytosis

A

Properties of Cells

32
Q

react to stimuli

A

Irritability (excitability)

33
Q

Diffusion,

Active transport

Endocytosis

Phagocytosis

pinocytosis,

Exocytosis

A

Getting material in/out of cells

34
Q

Organic Molecules in living tissue

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus

35
Q

Inorganic Molecules in Living Tissue

A

Calcium in bone

Other trace minerals

Electrolytes: sodium, chloride, potassium

Iron in RBCs,

Iodine in thyroid hormones

36
Q

Two Types of Proteins

A

Structural and Reactive

37
Q

Protein type that has parts of cells, tissues, organs

A

Structural

38
Q

Protein Type that has enzymes, receptors, hormones, contractile, antibodies

A

Reactive

39
Q

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary

A

Protein Structure

40
Q

Which protein structure is a sequence of A.A.

A

Primary

41
Q

Which protein structure is a conformation of polypeptide chain

A

Secondary

42
Q

Protein Structure of folding of the chain—globular or not

A

Tertiary

43
Q

Protein structure joining of 2 or more polypeptide chains

A

Quaternary

44
Q

Most of cell membrane, some hormones (steroids, prostaglandins), some vitamins (Vitamin D)

Cholesterol (part of cell membrane, basis of steroid hormones)

Triglycerides

Waxes (lanolin)

Storage form of energy in the body

A

Lipids (fats)

45
Q

Used for energy

Sugars and starches

Glucose—glycolysis

Glycogen—polymer

A

Carbohydrates

46
Q

In DNA and RNA

Genetics and protein synthesis

A

Nucleic acids

Anatatomy and Phisiology (5 decks)

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