Tissues 6 (Nerves) Flashcards
Name the four lobes of the brain
- Frontal
- Occipital
- Temporal
- Parietal
What are the ridges and valleys of the brain called?
- Ridges: Gyri
- Valleys: Sulci
What are the three parts of the brainstem?
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
Fine tuning motor functions
What are the four broad types of cells in the nervous system?
- Unipolar
- Pseudounipolar
- Bipolar
- Multipolar
What are the three types of multipolar cells?
- Pyramidal (pyramid-shaped cell body)
- Golgi
- Purkinje
What are the three main parts of a neurone?
- Soma (cell body)
- axon (only one)
- dendrites (numerous)
What is the difference between axons and dendrites?
- Axons myelinated; dendrites unmyelinated
- one axon; many dendrites
What are astrocytes and what do they do?
GLIAL CELLS (most abundant in CNS)
- Facultative macrophages (turn into macrophages when they need to)
- Repair (provide nutrients for repair of neuronal cells)
- Homeostasis (mop up neurotransmitter and other substances released by the CNS)
What do oligodendrocytes do?
They myelinate many axons in the CNS
What are some differences between oligodendrocytes and astrocytes?
OLIGODENDROCYTES:
- Smaller
- Denser cytoplasm and nucleus
- Absence of intermediate filaments and glycogen in the cytoplasm
What do microglial cells do?
immune cells of the CNS (neuronal macrophages)
What do ependymal cells do?
- line the fluid filled ventricles in the CNS
- regulate and produce CSF
What is the usual resting membrane potential?
Between -40 and -90mV
What are the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of the four main ions involved in action potentials?
Na+ - inside: 10 outside: 140
K+ - inside: 150 outside: 4
Cl- - inside: 5 outside: 120
Ca2+ - inside: 0.1 outside: 2
