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MCD: TISSUES > Tissues 1 (Epithelial Cells) > Flashcards

Tissues 1 (Epithelial Cells) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 connective tissue cells?

A
  • fibroblasts
  • chondrocytes (cartilage)
  • osteocytes (bone)
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2
Q

What are the 3 contractile tissues?

A
  • skeletal muscle
  • cardiac muscle
  • smooth muscle
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3
Q

What are haematopoetic cells?

A
  • blood cells
  • tissue-resident immune cells
  • bone marrow cells
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4
Q

What are the 2 neural cells and their functions?

A
  • neurones (carry electrical signals)

- glial cells (support cells)

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5
Q

What are the functions of epithelial cells

A
  • form continuous layers
  • line surfaces
  • separate tissue compartments
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6
Q

What is a mesenchymal cell?

A
  • connective tissue

- fibroblasts, chondrocytes & muscle cells

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7
Q

Which cells do carcinomas, sarcomas, leukaemias & neuroblastomas originate from?

A
  • carcinoma: epithelial
  • sarcoma: mesenchymal
  • leukaemia: haemopoetic
  • neuroblastoma: neural
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8
Q

What features does a nucleus contain?

A
  • nucleoplasm
  • nuclear pores
  • nucleolus (site of ribosome production)
  • nuclear envelope
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9
Q

What is a cisternae?

A

stack of endoplasmic reticulums

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10
Q

What do peroxisomes contain?

A

enzymes for lipid & oxygen metabolism

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11
Q

What comprises a cytoskeleton?

A
  • microtubules
  • intermediate filaments
  • microfilaments
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12
Q

What are microtubules made of and what is the diameter of a microtubule?

A
  • alpha and beta tubulin

- 20nm

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13
Q

What are the functions of a microtubule?

A
  • involved in cell shape
  • tracks for movement of organelles & other components
  • form mitotic spindle
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14
Q

What is a major structural & motor component of cilia & flagellae

A

microtubules

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15
Q

Which cytoskeletal filament gives mechanical strength to a cell?

A

intermediate filament

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16
Q

What is an intermediate filament?

A

group of filamentous proteins forming rope-like filaments

17
Q

What are the different type of intermediate filaments in different cell types?

A
  • epithelial: cytokeratin
  • mesenchymal: vimentin
  • muscle: desmin
  • neurons: neurofilament protein
18
Q

What is the diameter of an intermediate filament?

A

10-15nm

19
Q

How are desosomes connected?

A

via intermediate filaments

20
Q

What is a nuclear lamins and its function

A

type of intermediate filament, stabilises nuclear envelope

21
Q

What is a microfilament?

A

polymers of globular protein actin

22
Q

What do microfilaments associate with?

A
  • adhesion belts (epithelia)
  • endothelia proteins
  • plasma membrane proteins
23
Q

What are the functions of microfilaments?

A
  • involved in cell shape & movement

- contraction of non-muscle cells

24
Q

What type of structure does a microfilament have?

A

helical (actin)

25
Q

What is a tissue?

A

a group of cells whose type, organisation & architecture are integral to its function

26
Q

What are the 3 major cell-cell junctions?

A
  • zonula adherens
  • zonula occludens
  • macula adherens
27
Q

What is a zonula adherens?

A
  • adhesion belt
  • e.g. cadherin (binds to similar molecules on adjacent cells)
  • closely associated to actin cytoskeleton
28
Q

Why are cell-cell junctions important?

A

key to formation & maintenance of epithelial layers

29
Q

What is a zonula occludens?

A
  • tight junction
  • prevents ion diffusion so allows polarity establishment
  • blocks paracellular pathways
30
Q

What is a macula adherens?

A
  • cluster of pores formed by membrane proteins
  • allows passage of ions (relatively small & water)
  • 1.5nm diameter
31
Q

What happens in the nucleolus?

A

ribosomal subunits are synthesised

32
Q

What is the organisation of microtubules in cells?

A

originate from point called the microtubule organising centre (MTOC)

33
Q

What is the definition of extracellular matrix?

A

the insoluble material found extracellularly

34
Q

What are the four main types of cell-cell junctions (in order of apical to basal)?

A
  • tight
  • adhesion belt
  • desmosomes/gap junctions
35
Q

What is the role of gap junctions?

A

allows transport of small molecules between cells

MCD: TISSUES (11 decks)

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