Tissues 5: Fluid compartments

Question 1

List the main fluid compartments

Answer 1

Intracellular

Extracellular

Interstitial Fluid

Blood Plasma

Transcellular Fluid

BIIET

Question 2

List the Main Fluid compartments and their respective sizes ( their percentage and amount in litres)

Answer 2

add pic

Question 3

What percentage of the body is Intracellular Fluid? How many litres of the body is intracellular fluid?

Answer 3

23 L = 55% of body water

Question 4

What percentage of the body is extracellular Fluid? How many litres of the body is extracellular fluid?

Answer 4

= 19 L = 45% of body water

Question 5

What percentage of the body is Transcellular Fluid? How many litres of the body is Transcellular fluid?

Answer 5

= 1 L = 2% of body water

Question 6

Where is transcellular fluid found?

Answer 6

Cerebrospinal (CSF), ocular (eye), synovial fluid

Question 7

What percentage of the body is Blood plasma? How many litres of the body is Blood plasma?

Answer 7

= 3 L = 7% of body water

Question 8

What percentage of the body is interstitial fluid? How many litres of the body is Interstitial fluid?

Answer 8

= 15 L =36% of body water

Question 9

What is interstitial fluid?

Answer 9

between cells

Question 10

State if the following is greater or less in Extracellular and Intracellular fluid Na+ K+ Ca2+ Cl- Free organic Phosphates Protein pH Osmolarity

Answer 10

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Question 11

What is the main extracellular Cation?

Answer 11

Na+

Question 12

What is the main intracellular Cation?

Answer 12

K+

Question 13

Name an important intracellular signalling Ion

Answer 13

Ca2+

Question 14

What is the main extracellular Anion

Answer 14

Cl-

Question 15

What is the main intracellular anion

Answer 15

Organinc Phosphates

Question 16

Define Osmolarity

Answer 16

Osmolarity is a measure of the concentration of all solute particles in a solution.

Question 17

State the relationship between omolarity and Osmosis

Answer 17

Osmosis moves water toward the area of higher osmolarity

Question 18

What is a limitation of osmolarity

Answer 18

Osmolarity too simple for biological systems: not a reliable guide to effects on cell volume because it does not depend on cell permeability.

Question 19

What does tonicity depend on

Answer 19

Both cell permeability and osmolarity

Question 20

What does osmolarity depend on and not depend on

Answer 20

depend on osmolarity and does not depend on cell permeability

Question 21

Define Tonicity

Answer 21

The ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis is know as its tonicity add pic

Question 22

if the Osmorality of impermeant solutes outside the cell is greater than inside the cell, what happens to the cell? Is the solution hypertonic or hypotonic or isotonic?

Answer 22

cell shrinks in the solution. Solution is hypertonic.

Question 23

If the osmorality of impermeant solutes outside the cell is less than inside the cell, what happens to the cell? Is the solution hypertonic or hypotonic or isotonic?

Answer 23

so cell swells in the solution. Solution is hypotonic.

Question 24

If the osmolarity of impermeant solutes outside the cell equals te osmolarity inside the cell, what happens to cell volume? Is the solution hypertonic or hypotonic or isotonic?

Answer 24

so cell volume is unchanged. The solution is isotonic.

Question 25

cells in the body membranes are permeable to H2O , and the concentration of impermeant solutes (proteins) is higher inside the cell than in the interstitial fluid, so why don’t cells burst?

Answer 25

The cells don’t burst because the Na+pumps maintain the concentration of Na+ lower inside the cell than outside. The intracellular osmolarity of impermeant solutes (mainly high conc proteins and low conc Na+) balances the extracellular osmolarlity of impermeant solutes (mainly high conc Na+).

Question 26

Define Oedema

Answer 26

Oedema is swelling of a tissue due to excess interstitial fluid

Question 27

What is colliod osmotic pressure

Answer 27

Osmotic pressure due to plasma proteins (colloid osmotic pressure (COP)

Question 28

what happens when Hydrostatic pressure \> COP (COP)=colliod osmotic pressure

Answer 28

= plasma leakage out of vessel

Question 29

What happens when Hydrostatic pressure \< COP (COP)=colliod osmotic pressure

Answer 29

flow into vessel

Question 30

List the causes of Oedema?

Answer 30

imbalance in the normal cycle of fluid exchange in tissues causing fluid to accumulate in the interstitial spaces. increased permeability of capillary walls to plasma proteins (in other words the capillary pores are larger) normal cycle of fluid ecchange= blood plasma to interstituim to lymphatic vessel and back to blood plasma

Question 31

When leakage of plasma into the interstitium exceeds the capacity of the lymphatics to collect and return it to the circulation, fluid accumulates in the interstitial space resulting in swelling What condition does this result in

Answer 31

oedema

Question 32

Name the variety of mechanisms that can cause oedema

Answer 32

Inflammation due to insect bite ect- Inflammatory Oedema high blood pressure- Hydrostatic oedema

Question 33

How can obesity lead to oedema add pic

Answer 33

This individual is likely to have high blood pressure, which means increased hydrostatic pressure in vessels. This pushes more fluid out of the vessels, and can lead to accumulation of interstitial fluid.

Question 34

How can a breast cancer survivor have oedema?

Answer 34

The breast cancer survivor is likely to have had axillary (armpit) lymph nodes removed as part of her diagnosis/treatment. This can remove the pathway of drainage from the upper limb on the affected side, resulting in the accumulation of fluid.

Question 35

how is elaphantiasis caused ? add pic

Answer 35

In elephantiasis, parasitic worms can block lymph vessels, thereby preventing lymphatic drainage. In this case, the lymphatics in the right groin region will have been blocked, preventing the drainage of interstitial fluid from the right lower limb.