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Anatomy > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

0
Q

What are the primary tissue types?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle and nerve tissue.

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1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A tissue is a group of cells with a group of cells with a similar structure and function. There are 4 primary types of tissues & within each type there are different categories.

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2
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

Epithelial tissue covers surface of the body, organs, linings of stomach, intestinal tract, bladder, etc. along with internal body cavities. They are classified by shape & layers.

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3
Q

What is squamous?

A

Squamous means flat

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4
Q

What is cuboidal?

A

Cuboidal is shaped like a cube

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5
Q

What is columnar?

A

Columnar is long and column shaped

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6
Q

The division by number of cell layer is what?

A

The division by number of cell layers is simple (one layer) or stratified (many layers)

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7
Q

Do epithelial tissues contain blood vessels?

A

No epithelial tissues do not contain blood vessels.

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8
Q

How do epithelial tissues get food and oxygen?

A

Epithelial tissues get food and oxygen from underlying connective tissue.

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9
Q

Where does epithelial tissue rest? What does it lie upon?

A

Epithelial tissues lie upon a basement membrane which is like a cellular glue secreted by the cells.

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10
Q

What are the functions of the epithelial tissue?

A

The functions of epithelial tissue are protection, absorption, filtration, & secretion.

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11
Q

What is simple squamous?

A

Simple squamous is one layer of flat cells. Ideal for diffusion. Also forms smooth, slick membranes that line body cavities to reduce friction. Air sacs of lungs, capillaries, serous membranes.

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12
Q

What is simple cuboidal?

A

Simple cuboidal is one layer of shaped cells. Common in some glands & ducts. Found in kidney tubules, thyroid gland & pancreas

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13
Q

What is simple columnar?

A

Simple columnar is one layer of column shaped cells. Lining of digestive tract. Ciliated columnar lines small bronchial tubes, Fallopian tubes & uterus.

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14
Q

Which lining is sometimes called pseudo-stratified columnar but it’s not?

A

The lining of the respiratory tract is because it appears stratified but it’s not.

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15
Q

What is stratified squamous?

A

Stratified squamous is two or more layers of cells which are flattened on the surface. The deeper layers may not appear flattened. Skin lining of mouth, esophagus & vagina.

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16
Q

What is stratified cuboidal?

A

Stratified cuboidal is generally 2 layers of cube like cells. Largest ducts of swear glands, mammary glands, salivary glands.

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17
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

A

Transitional epithelium is a modified form of stratified squamous which is found in the urinary bladder, ureters & part of the urethra. It’s specialized for stretching.

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18
Q

What are glands?

A

Glands are one or more cells that make up and secrete a particular product. They are included in epithelial tissue.

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19
Q

What is a unicellular gland?

A

A unicellular gland is a one cell gland

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20
Q

What is a goblet cell?

A

A goblet cell secrets mucus in the respiratory & digestive tracts.

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21
Q

What is mucus?

A

Mucus is a clear complex glycoprotein.

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22
Q

What are multicellular glands?

A

Multicellular are many celled glands

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23
Q

What’s an exocrine gland?

A

An exocrine gland is a gland that has ducts: salivary & sweat

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24
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

An endocrine gland secretes hormones directly into capillaries. Thyroid, adrenal, & insulin by pancreas are examples.

25
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue all have a common matrix of non living intercellular material mostly protein fibers. Inside the matrix is the living tissue.

26
Q

What is ground substance?

A

Ground substance is made up of water, large polysaccharide molecules & adhesion proteins. It helps hold the tissue together may hold water in the matrix of some tissues.

27
Q

What is the major functions of connective tissues?

A

The major functions of connective tissues are protecting, supporting & binding together other body tissues. Also as frameworks, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells & help repair tissue damage.

28
Q

What cells are found in connective tissue?

A

The cells that are found in connective tissue are fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells.

29
Q

What is a fibroblast?

A

A fibroblast is a cell that produces several kinds of fiber. Collagen, elastic & reticular fibers.

30
Q

What is collagen?

A

Collagen is strong long fibers.

31
Q

What is elastic fibers?

A

Elastic fibers are stretchy fibers.

32
Q

What are reticular fibers?

A

Reticular fibers are thinner branched fibers.

33
Q

What are macrophages?

A

Macrophages originate as white blood cells. Phagocytic scavengers. Usually attached or fixed, but can detach and move about.

34
Q

What are mast cells?

A

Mast cells release heparin which may prevent localized blood clotting, & histamine, involved with inflammation & allergy.

35
Q

What are the categories of connective tissues?

A

The categories of connective tissues are: loose aereolar connective tissue, adipose tissue, reticular connective tissue, dense connective tissue ~ regular & irregular, elastic connective tissue.

36
Q

What are the specialized connective tissues?

A

The specialized connective tissues are cartilage, bone & blood.

37
Q

What is areolar (loose) connective tissue?

A

Areolar (loose) connective tissue is fibroblasts and a matrix of tissues fluid, collagen fibers and elastin fibers. Looks like tissue paper or cobwebs. It holds other tissues together. Found underskin.

38
Q

What is blood?

A

Blood is blood cells suspended in a liquid plasma matrix.

39
Q

What are mucus membranes?

A

Mucus membranes lie beneath the subcutaneous and most epithelial tissues. Digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive tracts. Areolar connective tissue found here

40
Q

What is adipose tissue?

A

Adipose tissue is adipocytes (fat cells) that store cells in their cytoplasm. It cushions, insulates, protects. & stores energy as fat.

41
Q

What is reticular connective tissue?

A

Reticular connective tissue is thin reticular fibers. Provide framework of some internal organs like liver, spleen, & lymph nodes.

42
Q

What is dense regular connective tissue (aka dense fibrous)?

A

Dense regular connective tissue is mostly collagen fibers (matrix) densely packed, with some elastic fibers. Few fibroblasts. Fibers are very strong. Found in tendons & ligaments.

43
Q

What is dense irregular tissue?

A

Dense irregular tissue is stronger collagen

44
Q

What is elastic tissue?

A

Elastic tissues are elastic fibers and fibroblasts. Found where stretchiness is important such as walls of larger arteries and airways of the lung.

45
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Cartilage is chondrocytes in a flexible protein-polysaccharide matrix. Has very poor blood supply, which is why it doesn’t heal well. Classified by differences in the matrix.

46
Q

What are the three different cartilages?

A

The three different types of cartilage are hyaline cartilage, elastic & fibrocartilage.

47
Q

What is bone?

A

Bone is oseocytes in a matrix of calcium and phosphorous mineral salts and collagen.

48
Q

What are mucus membranes?

A

Mucus membranes are found in digestive, respiratory, urinary, & reproductive tracts. Lies beneath these & most epithelial tissues. Areolar loose connective tissue is found here.

49
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage is fine collagenous fibers. Located on ends of bones, soft parts of nose, support rings of respiratory passages.

50
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

Elastic cartilage has many elastic fibers in the matrix. More flexible. Framework for external ears and parts of the larynx.

51
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

Fibrocartilage has many collagenous fibers in matrix. Very tough. Found in intervetebral discs in spine, meniscal knee cartilages, pelvic girdle.

52
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissues?

A

The three types of muscle tissues are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

53
Q

What is muscle tissue?

A

Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction & movement

54
Q

What is skeletal muscle?

A

Skeletal muscle is also known as striated, voluntary muscle. Cells are long & not branched.

55
Q

What is smooth muscle?

A

Smooth muscle is also know as involuntary as it’s not under our conscious control. Found in internal organs and blood vessels and bronchial tubes. No striations visiable under a microscope

56
Q

What is the cardiac muscle?

A

The cardiac muscle is a specialized form of striated muscle found only in the heart. Cells are branched & aligned end to end.

57
Q

What are nervous tissues?

A

Nervous tissues are found in the brain, spinal cord, & peripheral nerves. Basic cells are neurons & neuroglia.

58
Q

What are neurons?

A

Neurons are functional nerve tissues.

59
Q

What are neuroglia?

A

Neuroglia are supportive nerve tissues

Anatomy (8 decks)

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