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human anatomy > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

-covers and lines
-lines every body surface and all body cavities
-organs, skin, glands

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2
Q

Cellularity of epithelial tissue

A

-many cells, little extra cellular matrix
-cells bound together by several types of intercellular junctions

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3
Q

Attachment of epithelial tissue

A

Basal surface attaches to basement membrane

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4
Q

Simple tissue

A

-single layer of cells
-for filtration, absorption, secretion

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5
Q

Stratified tissue

A

-multiple layers of cells
-stronger and stress resistant

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6
Q

Squamous

A

-flat and wide; irregular shaped
-fried eggs

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7
Q

Cuboidal

A

Cube shaped

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8
Q

Columnar

A

Taller than wide

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9
Q

Transitional

A

Able to change shape when stretched

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10
Q

Simple squamous

A

One layer of flattened cells

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11
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

One layer of cells about as tall as wide

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12
Q

Simple columnar

A

One layer of tall, narrow cells

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13
Q

Pseudostratified columnar

A

One layer of tall cells that appear stratified

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14
Q

Stratified squamous

A

Multiple layers; upper layers of flattened cells

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15
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

Two or more layers; cells about as tall as wide

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16
Q

Stratified columnar

A

Two or more layers of tall, narrow cells

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17
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Multiple layers of cells that change shape when stretched

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18
Q

2 types of stratified squamous epithelium

A

-keratinized: superficial cells are dead
-nonkeratinized: superficial cells are living

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19
Q

Glands

A

Specialized secretory tissues arising the epithelium
-secrete hormones, enzymes, and water

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20
Q

Endocrine glands

A

-produce hormones and secrete them directly into the blood
-ductless glands

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21
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Glands with ducts

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22
Q

Connective tissue

A

The most diverse, abundant, widely distributed, and structurally varied of the four main tissue types

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23
Q

Connective tissue derived from

A

The mesoderm

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24
Q

Function of connective tissue

A

Support, protect, bind organs
-“glue” of the body that binds structures together

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25
Collagen fibers
-long, strong flexible cables
26
What is the most abundant fiber in the body
Collagen fibers
27
What do collagen fibers make up
Tendons and ligaments
28
Elastic fibers
-thinner than collagen -stretch easily and recoil (blood vessels)
29
Reticular fibers
-branching, woven framework -stroma of organs, liver, lymph nodes, and spleen
30
Areolar CT
Web of all 3 fibers
31
Functions of areolar CT
-surrounds and protects structures -connects epithelia to deeper tissues
32
Example of areolar CT
papillary layer of dermis
33
Structure of adipose CT
Tightly packed adipocytes (fat)
34
Functions of adipose CT
-stores energy -cushions organs -insulates
35
Example of adipose CT
Subcutaneous fat
36
Structure of cartilage CT
-contains chondrocytes -lacks blood vessels and nerves
37
3 types of cartilage
-hyaline -elastic -fibrocartilage
38
Hyaline cartilage
-glassy appearance -ends of bones and connects ribs to sternum
39
Elastic cartilage
Most mobile
40
Fibrocartilage
Sturdiest; vertebral disc
41
Cells in bones
Osteon
42
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
43
Osteoblasts
Make new bone
44
Osteoclasts
Break down bone
45
2 types of bone
Compact and spongy
46
Fluid connective tissue
Refers to blood and lymph
47
Blood consists of:
- plasma -erythrocytes -leukocytes -platelets
48
Plasma
Fluid portion of blood
49
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
50
Leukocytes
White blood cells
51
Platelets
Clotting
52
Lymph
Derived from plasma; has no formed elements
53
Muscle tissue
Comprised of cells called muscle fibers
54
3 types of muscle tissue
-skeletal -cardiac -smooth
55
Skeletal MT
Stratified and voluntary (biceps)
56
Cardiac MT
Stratified and involuntary; heart
57
Smooth MT
Non stratified and involuntary; walls of hollow organs
58
Function of muscle cells
Generates tension and movement
59
Examples of movement for muscle tissue
Bones, blood, food, semen, and urine
60
2 cell types in nervous tissue
Neurons and glial cells
61
Location of nervous tissue
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
62
Neurons
Nerve cells; communication via electrical signals (impulses)
63
Neurons don't...
Regenerate
64
Glial cells
Support and protect neurons
65
Hypertrophy
Increase in size of tissue due to an increase in size of cells
66
Hyperplasia
Increase in size of tissue due to an increase in number of cells
67
Neoplasia
Rapid growth (tumor)
68
Atrophy
Decrease in size of tissue due to a decrease in size or number

human anatomy (6 decks)

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