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human anatomy > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

-covers and lines
-lines every body surface and all body cavities
-organs, skin, glands

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2
Q

Cellularity of epithelial tissue

A

-many cells, little extra cellular matrix
-cells bound together by several types of intercellular junctions

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3
Q

Attachment of epithelial tissue

A

Basal surface attaches to basement membrane

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4
Q

Simple tissue

A

-single layer of cells
-for filtration, absorption, secretion

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5
Q

Stratified tissue

A

-multiple layers of cells
-stronger and stress resistant

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6
Q

Squamous

A

-flat and wide; irregular shaped
-fried eggs

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7
Q

Cuboidal

A

Cube shaped

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8
Q

Columnar

A

Taller than wide

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9
Q

Transitional

A

Able to change shape when stretched

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10
Q

Simple squamous

A

One layer of flattened cells

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11
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

One layer of cells about as tall as wide

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12
Q

Simple columnar

A

One layer of tall, narrow cells

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13
Q

Pseudostratified columnar

A

One layer of tall cells that appear stratified

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14
Q

Stratified squamous

A

Multiple layers; upper layers of flattened cells

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15
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

Two or more layers; cells about as tall as wide

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16
Q

Stratified columnar

A

Two or more layers of tall, narrow cells

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17
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Multiple layers of cells that change shape when stretched

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18
Q

2 types of stratified squamous epithelium

A

-keratinized: superficial cells are dead
-nonkeratinized: superficial cells are living

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19
Q

Glands

A

Specialized secretory tissues arising the epithelium
-secrete hormones, enzymes, and water

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20
Q

Endocrine glands

A

-produce hormones and secrete them directly into the blood
-ductless glands

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21
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Glands with ducts

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22
Q

Connective tissue

A

The most diverse, abundant, widely distributed, and structurally varied of the four main tissue types

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23
Q

Connective tissue derived from

A

The mesoderm

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24
Q

Function of connective tissue

A

Support, protect, bind organs
-“glue” of the body that binds structures together

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25
Q

Collagen fibers

A

-long, strong flexible cables

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26
Q

What is the most abundant fiber in the body

A

Collagen fibers

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27
Q

What do collagen fibers make up

A

Tendons and ligaments

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28
Q

Elastic fibers

A

-thinner than collagen
-stretch easily and recoil (blood vessels)

29
Q

Reticular fibers

A

-branching, woven framework
-stroma of organs, liver, lymph nodes, and spleen

30
Q

Areolar CT

A

Web of all 3 fibers

31
Q

Functions of areolar CT

A

-surrounds and protects structures
-connects epithelia to deeper tissues

32
Q

Example of areolar CT

A

papillary layer of dermis

33
Q

Structure of adipose CT

A

Tightly packed adipocytes (fat)

34
Q

Functions of adipose CT

A

-stores energy
-cushions organs
-insulates

35
Q

Example of adipose CT

A

Subcutaneous fat

36
Q

Structure of cartilage CT

A

-contains chondrocytes
-lacks blood vessels and nerves

37
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

-hyaline
-elastic
-fibrocartilage

38
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

-glassy appearance
-ends of bones and connects ribs to sternum

39
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Most mobile

40
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Sturdiest; vertebral disc

41
Q

Cells in bones

A

Osteon

42
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

43
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Make new bone

44
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Break down bone

45
Q

2 types of bone

A

Compact and spongy

46
Q

Fluid connective tissue

A

Refers to blood and lymph

47
Q

Blood consists of:

A
  • plasma
    -erythrocytes
    -leukocytes
    -platelets
48
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid portion of blood

49
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

50
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

51
Q

Platelets

A

Clotting

52
Q

Lymph

A

Derived from plasma; has no formed elements

53
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Comprised of cells called muscle fibers

54
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

-skeletal
-cardiac
-smooth

55
Q

Skeletal MT

A

Stratified and voluntary (biceps)

56
Q

Cardiac MT

A

Stratified and involuntary; heart

57
Q

Smooth MT

A

Non stratified and involuntary; walls of hollow organs

58
Q

Function of muscle cells

A

Generates tension and movement

59
Q

Examples of movement for muscle tissue

A

Bones, blood, food, semen, and urine

60
Q

2 cell types in nervous tissue

A

Neurons and glial cells

61
Q

Location of nervous tissue

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

62
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells; communication via electrical signals (impulses)

63
Q

Neurons don’t…

A

Regenerate

64
Q

Glial cells

A

Support and protect neurons

65
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in size of tissue due to an increase in size of cells

66
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in size of tissue due to an increase in number of cells

67
Q

Neoplasia

A

Rapid growth (tumor)

68
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in size of tissue due to a decrease in size or number

human anatomy (6 decks)

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