Integumentary System Flashcards
Integumentary system
Skin and accessory structures; nails, hair, glands
Epidermis
Outermost layer of skin
Hypodermis
Fat tissue; deepest layer
Layers from top to bottom
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
Stratum basale
Youngest layer; pushes older cells out
Stratum granulosum
Where cells start to die off
Stratum lucidum
Only dead cells
Stratum corneum
Superficial layer; only dead cells
Stratum lucidum is only in…
Thick skin
Thick skin locations
Palms of hands and soles of feet
Nevus
Mole; overgrowth of melanocyte cells
Freckles
Active melanocytes; produce a lot of pigment
Hemangioma
Blood vessels that form a benign tumor
Callus
Caused by friction over a long period of timr
Blister
Caused by severe friction over a short period of time
Papillary layer
Superficial region of the dermis deep to the epidermis
What two things interlock in the papillary layer
Dermal papillae and epidermal ridges interlock increasing the surface area between the dermis and the epidermis
Reticular layer
-deeper region that forms the majority of the dermis
-includes many blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerves
Vasoconstriction
Vessels get smaller which decreases the amount of blood allowed through; retains heat
Vasodilation
Blood vessels get larger and allows for more blood; gets rid of heat
Hypodermis
Mostly adipose tissue
Epidermal derivatives (epidermal appendages)
Integumentary structures derived from the epidermis
-nails
-hair
-exocrine glands of the skin
Nail root
Bottom portion imbedded in skin
Nail bed
Region under the nail
Nail groove
Where nail meets skin on sides
Nail fold
On side of nail groove
Cuticle
Root end of nail
Body
Actual nail
Lunula/lunule
Crescent shaped structure on end of nail
Free edge
Extension of nail body beyond the end of finger and toe
Hair root
Deep; everything deep to the skin
Shaft
Everything superficial to the skin; what you can see
Bulb
Where new hair cells are being produced
Inner layer of hair
Medulla
Middle layer of hair
Cortex
Outer layer of hair
Cuticle
Hair follicle
Space that surrounds or contains each individual hair
Arrector pili muscles
Attached to hair; when they contract it causes hair to stand on end
Sudoriferous glands
Produce watery secretions (sweat)
Sebaceous glands
Produce sebum (oil)
Merocrine/eccrine sweat glands
Structure coiled to skin; used to cool the body
Apocrine sweat glands (stinky)
Coiled to hair follicle in armpits, groin, and anal area; cloudy secretion that smells
Sebaceous glands secrete:
Oily sebum into hair follicles directly or onto skin surface
Hemoglobin
Pigment found in blood; pinkish blue
Melanin
Activated in sunlight; causes skin to darken
Carotene
Yellow-orange pigment from foods such as carrots; builds up in subcutaneous layer
