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Physiology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

A group of cells that coordinate to carry out a specialized function

A

Tissues. The cells within a tissue are usually of common embryonic origin.

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2
Q

What is Histology?

A

Study of tissues

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3
Q

A scientist that examine tissue and cells to determine if a disease is present

A

pathologist

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4
Q

Tissue that covers all body surfaces, lines body cavities, hollow organs, and tubes, forms glands

A

Epithelial tissues

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5
Q

Tissues that protects/supports the body and organs, binds organs together, serves as a fat reserve and provides immunity

A

Connective tissues

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6
Q

What tissues generates movement and heat?

A

Muscular tissue

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7
Q

Tissue that responds to environmental stimuli and coordinates body homeostasis

A

Nervous tissue

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8
Q

Name the four types of tissues

A

Epithelial tissues
Connective tissues
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue

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9
Q

Where are cell junctions found?

A

Cell junctions can be found in epithelial, muscle, and nerve cells

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10
Q

Two common characteristics of cell junctions

A
  • They all allow the neighboring cells to communicate with each other more effectively
  • They hold neighboring cells together
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11
Q

What tissue type covers all body surfaces, lines body cavities, hollow organs and tubes, forms glands?

A

Epithelial Tissue

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12
Q

What tissue type protects/supports the body and organs, binds organs together, serves as a fat reserve and provides immunity?

A

Connective Tissue

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13
Q

What tissue type generates movement and heat?

A

Muscular Tissue

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14
Q

What tissue type responds to environmental stimuli and coordinates body homeostasis?

A

Nervous Tissue

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15
Q

What tissue type is closely packed together, arranged in continuous sheets, avascular, has a nerve supply, regenerates quickly, and contains an apical surface and basal surface?

A

Epithelial Tissue

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16
Q

Term describing a thin layer between epithelial tissue and connective tissue

A

basement membrane

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17
Q

Epithelial tissue contains an apical surface and basal surface. What do apical surface and basal surface describe?

A

Apical side faces the body cavity.
Basal surface is attached to a basement membrane.

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of a simple layer in epithelial tissue?

A

Single layer of cells. Diffusion, secretion and absorption

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of a stratified layer in epithelial tissue?

A

2 or more layers. Protection, with basement membrane

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of a pseudostratified layer in epithelial tissue?

A

Contains multiple and single layers. May secrete mucous or contain cilia

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21
Q

What are the characteristics of a squamous shape in epithelial tissue?

A

Thin. Rapid passage of substances.

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22
Q

What are the characteristics of a cuboidal shape in epithelial tissue?

A

Cubed/hexagon shaped. Secretion and absorption

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of columnar cell shape in epithelial tissue?

A

More tall than wide (column shaped). Protection, secretion and absorption

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24
Q

What are the characteristics of transitional cell shape in epithelial tissue?

A

Cells change shape as they are subjected to bodily movement.

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25
Q

What is the function of Simple Squamous Epithelium?

A

Filtrations, diffusion, osmosis

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26
Q

What is the function of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?

A

Secretion and absorption.

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27
Q

What is the function of Stratified Columnar Epithelium?

A

Secretion and protection

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28
Q

Do endocrine glands secrete into ducts?

A

No ducts and secrete directly into the surrounding extracellular fluid. Ex: Adrenal glands, Thyroid glands, Pituitary glands

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29
Q

Do exocrine glands secrete into ducts?

A

Yes, salivary glands and
sweat glands.

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30
Q

What type of tissue holds organs in place, supports and strengthens other tissue, protects organs, insulates organs, serves as a transport system, stores energy, and is the main site of immune response?

A

Connective tissue

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31
Q

In connective tissue, what is the material between the cells and is composed of protein fibers and ground substance?

A

extracellular matrix

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32
Q

What is connective tissue composed of?

A

cells and extracellular matrix

33
Q

Are connective tissues highly vascularized?

A

Yes, except cartilage and tendons

34
Q

What type of connective tissue is NOT supplied with nerves?

A

Cartilage

35
Q

A medium that helps binds cell together and allows cells to exchange material between each other

A

Ground substance. Contains water and an array of organic molecules such as hyaluronic acid (provides lubrication) and chondroitin sulfate (provides support and stickiness)

36
Q

Which fiber has larger strong flexible fibers found in bone, tendons, cartilage and ligaments?

A

Collagen fibers

37
Q

Which fiber has smaller strong stretchy fibers that exhibit elasticity?

A

Elastic fibers

38
Q

Where are elastic fibers found?

A

Found in skin, blood vessel walls and lung tissue.

39
Q

Which fiber is made of thin fibers that contain collagen and a glycoprotein coating to provide support and strength around soft organs and the basement membrane in between epithelial and connective tissue?

A

Reticular fibers

40
Q

What are the 3 categories of connective tissue?

A
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Dense connective tissue
  • Supporting connective tissue
41
Q

What type of tissue makes up cartilage, bone tissue, blood and lymph?

A

Supporting connective tissue

42
Q

What fiber type has fibers are loosely arranged around the cells?

A

Loose connective tissues. Types include:
Areolar connective tissue
Adipose tissue
Reticular connective tissue

43
Q

What fiber type has fibers that are packed with fewer cells than loose connective tissue?

A

Dense regular connective tissue
Irregular connective tissue
Elastic connective tissue

44
Q

Does cartilage heal quickly?

A

No. Cartilage heals slowly because nutrients must diffuse through the matrix to the chondrocytes

45
Q

What makes cartilage a unique connective tissue?

A

Avascular. Other types of connective tissue all have rich blood supplies. Because cartilage is avascular, nutrients cannot reach the cells directly via the bloodstream.

46
Q

What type of connective tissue is made by Chondrocytes?

A

cartilage

47
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage

48
Q

What is the most common type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

49
Q

Which cartilage overs the ends of bones, allowing them to slide against one another without damage?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

50
Q

Which cartilage forms the outer ear and the epiglottis?

A

elastic cartilage

51
Q

Which cartilage cushions knee joints and the discs between the vertebrae with its collagen packed matrix?

A

fibrocartilage

52
Q

What is osteoid substance?

A

A secretion from osteocytes that eventually hardens and surrounds the cells in an ossified matrix (solid bone)

53
Q

What is osteoid substance composed of?

A

proteins, water, calcium, phosphorous salts

54
Q

What is the name of the small connection channels between osteocytes?

A

canaliculi

55
Q

Why are blood and lymph considered to be fluid connective tissues?

A

Their matrix is not a solid.

56
Q

What is the main function of blood?

A

transport nutrients, gases, hormones, and wastes

57
Q

How are specialized blood cells carried throughout the body?

A

fluid matrix or plasma

58
Q

Where is lymph derived from?

A

interstitial fluid collected in the lymphatic vessels

59
Q

What type of fibers are made of cylinfrical cells?

A

muscle fibers

60
Q

What tissue type provides movement, heat, and contraction?

A

muscular tissue

61
Q

What are the 3 types of muscular tissue?

A

skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle

62
Q

Do muscle fibers become longer or shorter when they contract generating force and/or movement?

A

shorter

63
Q

How are muscles chatacterized?

A

location, structure, and modes of control

64
Q

What muscle tissue type makes up the muscles that are attached to our bones?

A

skeletal muscle tissue

65
Q

What muscle tissue type is highly organized, with multinucleated muscle fibers (muscle cells) lying parallel to each other that are under voluntary control?

A

skeletal muscle tissue

66
Q

What muscle tissue type has cells that contain linear arrays of proteins that create striations that slide past each other, causing contraction?

A

skeletal muscle tissue

67
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscles?

A

movement and trunk stabilization

68
Q

What muscle tissue type has short, cylindrical cells that taper at both ends and have only one nucleus?

A

Smooth muscle

69
Q

What muscle tissue type lines hollow organs such as the blood vessels and the digestive tract?

A

Smooth muscle. Cells are not striated, and are not under voluntary control

70
Q

What muscle tissue is short, branched, with striated cells?

A

Cardiac muscle. Cells have one nucleus and are not under voluntary control

71
Q

What joins neighboring heart cells?

A

Intercalated discs which contain gap junctions, that form tiny channels between cells.

72
Q

What are the two cell categories contained in nervous tisse?

A

neurons and neuroglia

73
Q

What are the supporting cells of the nervous system?

A

Neuroglia

74
Q

What are excitable cells that form lines of communication within the nervous system?

A

Neurons

75
Q

What part of the nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord?

A

central nervous system

76
Q

What part of the nervous system includes all neurons except brain and spinal cords?

A

peripheral nervous system

77
Q

What nerve type conducts sensory messages from the body’s sensory organs to the spinal cord, which routes the information to the brain?

A

Sensory nerves

78
Q

What nerve type conducts impulses from the spinal cord to the muscles and glands, which cause muscular movement or glandular secretion?

A

Motor nerves

Physiology (6 decks)

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