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Physiology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the integumentary system composed of?

A
  • Skin
  • Hair
  • Oil and sweat glands
  • Nails
  • Sensory receptors
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2
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

Skin

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3
Q

What two parts is the skin composed of?

A
  • The epidermis (superficial and thin)
  • Dermis ( deeper and thicker)
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4
Q

What two parts is the skin composed of?

A
  • The epidermis (superficial and thin)
  • Dermis ( deeper and thicker)
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5
Q

What are the 6 main functions of the skin?

A
  1. Regulate body temperature
  2. Store blood
  3. Protection
  4. Detect sensations
  5. Excrete and absorb substances
  6. Synthesize vitamin D
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6
Q

What are 90% of epidermal cells?

A

keratinocytes

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7
Q

What is the function of keratinocytes?

A
  • Secrete keratin (fibrous protein used for protection)
  • Secrete lamellar granule (water-repellent sealant)
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8
Q

What type of cells produce melanin (yellow-red or brown-black pigment associated with skin color and absorbs ultraviolet (UV) light))?

A

Melanocytes

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9
Q

What is the name of an immune cell that recognizes antigen (foreign invaders)?

A

Intraepidermal macrophages

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10
Q

What is the job of tactile epithelial cells?

A

Detect touch and interact with neurons (nerve cells)

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11
Q

How many layers in thin skin?

A

4

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12
Q

How many layers in thick skin?

A

5

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13
Q

Name the layers of the skin

A
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basale
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14
Q

Which layer of the skin contain mostly dead keratinocytes to help protect the organism, calluses form here, and Keratinocytes mostly contain melanin?

A

Stratum corneum

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15
Q

Which layer of the skin is only present in thick skin such as fingertips, palms and soles, and contains dead keratinocytes?

A

Stratum lucidum

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16
Q

Which layer of the skin contains melanin and lamellar granules, and helps prevent fluid loss?

A

Stratum granulosum

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17
Q

Which layer of the skin provides strength and flexibility?

A

Stratum spinosum

18
Q

Which layer of the skin contains stem cells? If damaged, a skin graft may be required.

A

Stratum basale

19
Q

What is the dermis mostly composed of?

A

connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers

20
Q

What does the superficial dermis contain?

A

Dermal papillae.
- Contain capillary loops
- Contain Corpuscles of touch (Meissner corpuscles)
- Free nerve endings that detect temperature, pain and itching

21
Q

What does deeper dermis contain?

A

A dense network of collagen and elastic fibers?
- Between these fibers there are adipocytes, hair follicles, nerve, oil glands and sweat glands

22
Q

Is the subcutaneous layer a part of the skin?

A

No

23
Q

What is another name for the subcutaneous layer?

A

hypodermis (below the dermis)

24
Q

What layer is composed of areolar tissue and adipose tissue?

A

Subcutaneous layer

25
Q

Fibers from the dermis extend into which layer and help anchor the skin?

A

subcutaneous layer

26
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the subcutaneous layer?

A
  • Fat storage
  • Harbors blood vessels
  • May contain pressure sensors
27
Q

What is the primary cause of skin color differences?

A

Differences in skin color is primarily due to the amount of pigmentation keratinocytes produce

28
Q

What type of energy induces melanin?

A

UV light. Melanin helps protect the body against UV radiation.

29
Q

What is the cause of Albinism?

A

Keratinocytes are unable to produce melanin.

30
Q

What is the cause of Vitiligo?

A

Partial or complete loss of melanin production

31
Q

What do carrots contain that turn skin orange?

A

carotene

32
Q

Term describing bluish skin color after a person stops breathing

A

cyanotic

33
Q

What disease turns skin and eyes yellowish?

A

Jaundice
- may be a sign of liver disease
- also common amongst newborns

34
Q

Synonym for skin reddness

A

erythema

35
Q

Synonym for pale skin

A

Pallor skin. May occur during shock and anemia

36
Q

What are the 3 accesory structures of the skin?

A
  1. Hair
  2. Glands
    - Sebaceous glands (oil glands)
    - Sudoriferous glands (sweat glands)
    - Ceruminous glands (wax producing glands)
  3. Nails
36
Q

Synonym for hair

A

pili

37
Q

What are hair thickness and distribution pattern regulated?

A

genetics and hormones

38
Q

Function of hair on head

A

protection from UV light

39
Q

The function of eyelashes and eyebrows

A

Protect the eyes from foreign matter

40
Q

The function of nostril hair

A

Prevent the body from inhaling foreign particles

Physiology (6 decks)

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