Integumentary System Flashcards
What is the integumentary system composed of?
- Skin
- Hair
- Oil and sweat glands
- Nails
- Sensory receptors
What is the largest organ in the body?
Skin
What two parts is the skin composed of?
- The epidermis (superficial and thin)
- Dermis ( deeper and thicker)
What two parts is the skin composed of?
- The epidermis (superficial and thin)
- Dermis ( deeper and thicker)
What are the 6 main functions of the skin?
- Regulate body temperature
- Store blood
- Protection
- Detect sensations
- Excrete and absorb substances
- Synthesize vitamin D
What are 90% of epidermal cells?
keratinocytes
What is the function of keratinocytes?
- Secrete keratin (fibrous protein used for protection)
- Secrete lamellar granule (water-repellent sealant)
What type of cells produce melanin (yellow-red or brown-black pigment associated with skin color and absorbs ultraviolet (UV) light))?
Melanocytes
What is the name of an immune cell that recognizes antigen (foreign invaders)?
Intraepidermal macrophages
What is the job of tactile epithelial cells?
Detect touch and interact with neurons (nerve cells)
How many layers in thin skin?
4
How many layers in thick skin?
5
Name the layers of the skin
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum basale
Which layer of the skin contain mostly dead keratinocytes to help protect the organism, calluses form here, and Keratinocytes mostly contain melanin?
Stratum corneum
Which layer of the skin is only present in thick skin such as fingertips, palms and soles, and contains dead keratinocytes?
Stratum lucidum
Which layer of the skin contains melanin and lamellar granules, and helps prevent fluid loss?
Stratum granulosum
Which layer of the skin provides strength and flexibility?
Stratum spinosum
Which layer of the skin contains stem cells? If damaged, a skin graft may be required.
Stratum basale
What is the dermis mostly composed of?
connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers
What does the superficial dermis contain?
Dermal papillae.
- Contain capillary loops
- Contain Corpuscles of touch (Meissner corpuscles)
- Free nerve endings that detect temperature, pain and itching
What does deeper dermis contain?
A dense network of collagen and elastic fibers?
- Between these fibers there are adipocytes, hair follicles, nerve, oil glands and sweat glands
Is the subcutaneous layer a part of the skin?
No
What is another name for the subcutaneous layer?
hypodermis (below the dermis)
What layer is composed of areolar tissue and adipose tissue?
Subcutaneous layer
Fibers from the dermis extend into which layer and help anchor the skin?
subcutaneous layer
What are the 3 main functions of the subcutaneous layer?
- Fat storage
- Harbors blood vessels
- May contain pressure sensors
What is the primary cause of skin color differences?
Differences in skin color is primarily due to the amount of pigmentation keratinocytes produce
What type of energy induces melanin?
UV light. Melanin helps protect the body against UV radiation.
What is the cause of Albinism?
Keratinocytes are unable to produce melanin.
What is the cause of Vitiligo?
Partial or complete loss of melanin production
What do carrots contain that turn skin orange?
carotene
Term describing bluish skin color after a person stops breathing
cyanotic
What disease turns skin and eyes yellowish?
Jaundice
- may be a sign of liver disease
- also common amongst newborns
Synonym for skin reddness
erythema
Synonym for pale skin
Pallor skin. May occur during shock and anemia
What are the 3 accesory structures of the skin?
- Hair
- Glands
- Sebaceous glands (oil glands)
- Sudoriferous glands (sweat glands)
- Ceruminous glands (wax producing glands) - Nails
Synonym for hair
pili
What are hair thickness and distribution pattern regulated?
genetics and hormones
Function of hair on head
protection from UV light
The function of eyelashes and eyebrows
Protect the eyes from foreign matter
The function of nostril hair
Prevent the body from inhaling foreign particles
