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A&P1 BLOCK 1 > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Group of cells of common embryonic origin

A

Tissues

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2
Q

4 Basic types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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3
Q

Tissues are formed by grouping cells together using a variety of _____________

A

Intercellular junction

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4
Q

Intracellular junctions that are found where a leakproof seal is needed between cells

A

Tight junction

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5
Q

Intracellular junction that make an adhesion belt (plaque) that keeps tissues from separating as they stretch and contract

A

Adherens Junctions

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6
Q

_________ attach to the plaque, partially cross the intercellular space, and connect _______ from an adjacent cells

A

Cadherin (transmembrane protein)

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7
Q

Intracellular junction that similar to an adherens junction, but the plaque does not attach to microfilaments, rather attaches to intermediate filaments

A

Desmosomes

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8
Q

“Half-desmosomes”

Transmembrane glycoprotein called integrins replace the cadherins and attach to the basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosomes

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9
Q

Intracellular junction that has transmembrane proteins called connexins form channels (connexons)

A

Gap junction

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10
Q

4 Basic tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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11
Q

Used to line surfaces and form protective barriers

A

Epithelium

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12
Q

Basal layer of the epithelium secretes _________

Underlying C.T. secretes __________

A

Basal lamina

Reticular lamina

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13
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue

A 
Protection
Filtration
Secretion
Absorption
Excretion
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14
Q

Flat, wide “paving stone” cells

A

Squamous

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15
Q

Cells as tall as they are wide

A

Cuboidal

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16
Q

Cells taller than they are wide

A

Columnar

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17
Q

One layer

A

Simple

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18
Q

Appears to have layers, all cells attached to basement membrane, but some do not extend to the apical surface

A

Pseudostratified

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19
Q

Two or more layers. Only basal layer in contact with basement membrane

A

Stratified

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20
Q

Single layer of flat cells found in air sacs of lungs, blood vessels, or serous membrane

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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21
Q

Single layer of cube shaped cells often found lining the tubules of the kidneys and other glands

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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22
Q

Single layer of column-like cells with mucous (goblet cells)

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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23
Q

All cells are attached to the basement membrane in a single layer but some do not extend to the apical surface

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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24
Q

Distinguishing feature of Keratinized and nonkeratinized

A

Presence of cell nuclei

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25
Q

Apical surface made up of two or more layers of cube shaped cells that found in the duct of sweat glands and esophageal glands

A

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

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26
Q

Change shape depending on the state of stretch in the tissue that are found in bladder

A

Transitional Epithelium

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27
Q

Specialized simple squamous epithelium that lines the entire circulatory system from the heart to the smallest capillary

A

Endothelium

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28
Q

Found in serous membranes such as the pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum

A

Mesothelium

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29
Q

Single or group of cells that secrete substances into a duct, onto a surface or into the blood

A

Gland

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30
Q

Glandular epithelium that secrete to surface or lumen, have duct

A

Exocrine

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31
Q

Glandular epithelium that secrete to extracellular space which is ductless, hormones

A

Endocrine

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32
Q

The most common manner of secretion of Exocrine gland

A

Merocrine

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33
Q

Exocrine gland that “bud” their secretions off through the plasma membrane, “decapitation”

A

Apocrine glands

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34
Q

Exocrine gland that is produced by rupture of the plasma membrane, leasing the entire cellular contents into the lumen and killing the cell

A

Holocrine secretions

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35
Q

Connective tissue consists of ______

A

Extracellular matrix

  • Ground substance
  • Protein fibers
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36
Q

Composed of water and an assortment of large molecules that determine the quality of the tissue

A

Ground substances

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37
Q

Connective tissue cells arise from ________, which is an embryonic connective tissue

A

Mesenchyme

38
Q

Immature cells end in _____

A

-blast

39
Q

Mature cells end in ________

A

-cyte

40
Q

Most common cell of connective tissue in general

A

Fibroblast

41
Q

Develop from monocytes, irregularly shaped, having filopodia, engage in phagocytosis

A

Macrophages

42
Q

Macrophages by other names in liver

A

Kupffer cells

43
Q

Macrophages by other name in skin and lymph nodes

A

Langerhans cells

44
Q

Macrophages by other name in bone

A

Osteoclasts

45
Q

Macrophages by other name in lungs

A

Alveolar macrphage

46
Q

Macrophages by other name in blood

A

Monocytes

47
Q

Macrophages by other name in central nervous system

A

Microglia

48
Q

From B lymphocytes, secrete antibody, accumulate in infected connective tissue

A

Plasma cells

49
Q

Abundant alongside blood vessels of connective tissue, can be phagocytic

A

Mast cells

50
Q

Stored in these granules in mast cells:

  • Heparin
  • Histamines
  • NCF / ECF

Is called

A

Primary mediators

51
Q

Mast cells that are synthesized ‘on the spot’ and used immediately

  • leukotrienes
  • cytokines
A

Secondary mediators

52
Q

Large, spherical, signet-ring shaped, synthesizes and store lipid, vacuole of fat

A

Adipose cells

53
Q

Extremely rare malignant tumor of glandular epithelial tissue of digestive organs

A

Signet ring adenocarcinoma

54
Q

White blood cells, not found in normal connective tissue

A

Leukocytes

55
Q

3 types of connective tissue fibers

A

Collagen, elastic, reticular

56
Q

Abundant throughout the body, inelastic, flexible, tensile strength, parallel bundles

A

Collagen fibers

57
Q

Small, branching fibers, distensible, form network within tissues, found in skin, walls of blood vessels, lung tissue

A

Elastic fibers

58
Q

Fine bundles of collagen coated with glycoprotein, fibers much thinner than collagen fibers
Forming the stroma (reticulum) of soft organs such as spleen and lymph nodes

A

Reticular fibers

59
Q

Embryonic connective tissue

A

Mesenchyme

Mucous connective tissue

60
Q

Mature connective tissue

A

Loose, dense, cartilage

61
Q

3 types of Loose connective tissue

A

Areolar, adipose, reticular

62
Q

3 types of dense connective tissue

A

Regular, irregular, elastic

63
Q

Pleuripotent cell; all other connective tissues eventually arise from ________

A

Mesenchyme

64
Q

Variant of mesenchyme containing widely scattered fibroblasts, more viscous jelly-like ground substance, found in umbilical cord of fetus

A

Mucous connective tissue

65
Q

Deep to skin and mesothelial lining of the internal body cavities
Characterized by abundance of ground substance and ECF

A

Loose connective tissue

66
Q

Most widely distributed connective tissues in the body

form the subcutaneous layer

A

Areolar connective tissue

67
Q

Vascularized, found in wherever areolar connective tissue is located, derived from fibroblasts, energy reserve

A

Adipose connective tissue

68
Q

Consists of find interlacing reticular fibers and cells, forms stroma of liver, spleen, lymph nodes
Remove worn out red blood cells, filter lymph, and remove bacteria

A

Reticular connective tissue

69
Q

Found in parts subject to tensive forces, more fibers than cells

A

Dense connective tissue

70
Q

Bundles of collagen fibers regularly arranged in parallel patterns, tensile strength in directions
Tendons, ligaments

A

Dense regular connective tissue

71
Q

Not arranged in parallel, pulling forces in various directions
Dermis of skin, periosteum, pericardium, heart valves

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

72
Q

Consists predominantly of branching elastic fibers, elasticity
found in lung, blood vessel

A

Elastic connective tissue

73
Q

Flat sheets of pliable tissue that cover or line a part of the body

A

Membrane

74
Q

Epithelial tissue + connective tissue = __________

A

Epithelial membrane

75
Q

3 types of epithelial membrane

A

Mucous, serous, cutaneous

76
Q

Membrane that opens directly to the exterior
Mucous secreting cells are common
Found in digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract

A

Mucous membranes

77
Q

Mucous membrane consist of

A

epithelium and lamina propria

78
Q

Membrane that does not open directly to the exterior
Secretions reduce friction between neighboring fluid
Have parietal, visceral layer

A

Serous membranes

79
Q

Serous membranes consist of

A

Areolar connective tissue covered by mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium)

80
Q

Epithelial membrane of skin

A

Cutaneous membranes

81
Q

Membranes that line the cavities of freely moveable joints, do not have epithelial layer

A

Synovial membranes

82
Q

Synovial membranes are composed of

A

Synoviocyte, areola & adipose connective tissue

83
Q

Disease in which the body produces antibodies that fail to distinguish self from non-self, and attach the body’s own tissues

A

Autoimmune disorders

84
Q

A decrease in the size of the cells, with consequent decrease in the size of the affected tissue or organ

A

Atrophy

85
Q

Removal of a sample of living tissue for microscopic examination to help diagnose disease

A

Biopsy

86
Q

Increase in the size of a tissue due to enlargement of cells without cell division

A

Hypertrophy

87
Q

A connective tissue disorder transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. The fibrillin gene is defective, resulting in abnormal development of elastic fibers. Structures most affected are the periosteum, suspensory ligaments of the eye, and walls of large arteries.

A

Marfan syndrome

88
Q

An immune response of the body directed at foreign proteins in a transplanted tissue or organ

A

Tissue rejection

89
Q

Replacement of a diseased or injured tissue or organ

A

Tissue transplantation

90
Q

The replacement of a diseased or injured tissue or organ with cells or tissues from an animal

A

Xenotransplantation

A&P1 BLOCK 1 (4 decks)

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