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A&P1 BLOCK 1 > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

The study of genes, which are the units of inheritance

A

Genetics

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2
Q

The carrier of genetic information; single, double-stranded DNA molecule

A

Chromosomes

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3
Q

Two molecules of double-stranded DNA joined in the center by a centromere

A

Chromatid

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4
Q

An ordinary chromosome; one that does not determine sex of the individual

A

Autosome

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5
Q

A chromosome that is causally associated with the sex of an individual

A

Sex chromosomes

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6
Q

Chromosomes of the same kind

A

Homologous chromosomes

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7
Q

The position of a gene on its chromosome; the position of a gene on the genetic map

A

Locus

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8
Q

The region or regions of a chromosome with which the spindle fibers become associated during mitosis and meiosis

A

Centromere

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9
Q

DNA sequences at the tips of chromosomes that protect the tips of chromosomes from erosion and from sticking to each other

A

Telomere

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10
Q

The number of chromosomes in gamates

A

Gametic number

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11
Q

The number of chromosomes in ordinary body cells of an organism

A

Somatic number

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12
Q

The copying of a specific sequence of DNA to produce the corresponding sequence of RNA (mRNA)

A

Transcription

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13
Q

The assembly of a new protein molecule using its amino acid building blocks, as specified by mRNA

A

Translation

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14
Q

Sequence of events in which a body cell duplicates its contents and divides in two

A

Cell cycle

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15
Q

Somatic cells contain two sets of chromosomes are called

A

diploid cells

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16
Q

Phase of cell division that the cell is not dividing

  • replicate its DNA
  • consists of three phases, G1, S, and G2
A

Interphase

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17
Q

consists of nuclear division (mitosis) and cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis) to form two identical cells

A

Mitotic phase

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18
Q

Nuclear division

A

Mitosis

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19
Q

The chromatin fibers change into chromosomes

A

Prophase

20
Q

Microtubules align the centromeres of the chromatid pairs at the metaphase plate

A

Metaphase

21
Q

The chromatid pairs split at the centromere and move to opposite poles of the cell

A

Anaphase

22
Q

Two identical nuclei are formed around the identical sets of chromosomes now in their chromatic form

A

Telophase

23
Q

Cytoplasmic division

A

Cytokinesis

24
Q

Reproductive cell division

A

Meiosis

25
Q

Look alike, paired. chromosomes

A

Homologous chromosomes

26
Q

Homologous chromosomes pair

A

Tetrads

27
Q

During Meiosis prophase 1, chromatids of homologous chromosomes form chiasmata wherein matching regions break and then reconnect to the other chromosome

A

Crossing over

28
Q

Reductive division

A

Meiosis 1

29
Q

Two haploid cells with replicated sister chromatids go to form four haploid cells with single, unreplicated molecules of DNAs

A

Meiosis 2

30
Q

One chromosomes in each pair came from the mother, and the other from the father

A

Homologous chromosomes

31
Q

Each pair of homologous chromosomes

A

Homologous pair

32
Q

Human karyotype composed of

A

22 pairs of autosomes

1 pair of sex chromosomes

33
Q

Alternative forms of gene that code for the same trait and are at the same location on homologous chromosomes are called

A

alleles

34
Q

Same alleles

A

Homozygous

35
Q

Different alleles

A

Heterozygous

36
Q

Genetic makeup of individual

A

Genotype

37
Q

Physical or outward appearance

A

Phenotype

38
Q

An allele that dominates or masks the presence of another allele and is fully expressed

A

Dominant allele

39
Q

An allele whose presence is completely masked

A

Recessive allele

40
Q

Agglutination occurs when the red cell antigens correspond to the antibodies in the antisera

A

Forward typing

41
Q

Most common cause of dwarfism

A

Achondroplasia

42
Q

The probability of combining different alleles

A

Punnett square

43
Q

When an individual is born with chromosomes added or missing

A

Aneuploidy

44
Q

Missing 1 chromosome

A

Monosomy

45
Q

Have an additional chromosomes

A

Trisomy

46
Q

The most common cause of hemolytic disease of the new born with the major antigen Rh or D

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

47
Q

The failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during cell division

A

Nondisjunction

A&P1 BLOCK 1 (4 decks)

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