Tissue Types Flashcards
Epithelial Tissue
-forms barriers
- covers exposed body
- lines hollow organs,cavities,glands
-forms glands
Characteristics of Epithelia
- continuous
- avascular
-rests at basal lamina
-less extracellular matrix - polarized
Simple Squamous Epithelium
- single layer flat cells
- lines body cavity (mesothelium)
-lines heart chambers (endothelium) - lines lungs (site of gas exchange)
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
- single cell layer
- cell heigh equals width (square)
- found in places of secretion/absorption
-found in glands - lines kidney
simple columnar epithelium
- single cell layer
-cells taller than wide (rectangle) - lines digestive tract, fallopian tube, excretory system
Stratified squamous epithelium
- 2+ layers
- outermost layer
- ## found in areas of mechanical stress (anal canal)
stratified cuboidal epithelium
- 2-3 layers
- outermost layer with equal height/width
- lines larger ducts (sweat/mammary)
stratified columnar epithelium
- multi cell layer
- taller than wide
- large excretory ducts, pharynx, urethra
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- nuclei appear at many levels
- all cells touch basal lamina but not surface
- respiratory system
transitional epithelium
- multi cell layer
- outermost layer found ONLY in urinary tract
-dome shaped
connective tissue
-links tissue and organs
- structural/metabolic support
- stores energy
-forms immune system
Characteristics of connective tissue
- few cells
- lots of extracellular matrix
Collagen
- provide tensile strength
Reticular fibres
- branching networks–> support cells
Elastic Fibres
-think branching fibres function like rubber bands
- move/flex w/o damage
Mesenchyme
-found in dev. embryo
- remain as stem cells
Glands
- formed from epithelial cells
- cells grow into underlying connective tissue
Exocrine glands: release secretions through ducts onto epithelial surfaces
Endocrine glads: no ducts, secrete hormones into blood
loose connective tissue (3)
- lots of ground cells, few fibres
areolar :
-links other tissues and organs together - fill spaces between organs - provides cushion and support
Adipose: - fat tissue
- forms deposits
- padding/insulation + engery storage
Reticular:
Dense connective tissue
- lots of fibres
-little ground substance / cells
dense irregular connective tissue
- fibres unaligned, many angles
- forms dermis, sheath around muscles, nerves, bones (protection in all directions)
Dense regular connective tissue
- aligned in one direction
- formes tendons (muscle–bone)
-forms ligaments (bone–bone)
Membranes
- epithelium and connective tissue
- line surfaces, cavities and hollow organs
Fluid connective tissue (2)
Blood:
- blood cells + plasma
-plasma=fluid matrix
Lymph:
- Lymphocytes + lymph fluid
-lymph fluid= proteins and excess intersitial fluid
Supporting connective tissue (2)
Cartilage and bone
- support soft tissues of body
-incompressible matrix
Muscle tissue
- specialized for contraction
- generates motion for body parts
- move substances through blood vessels/hollow organ
- maintains body temp
characteristics of muscle tissue
- elongated cells
- contract and generate force
Skeletal muscle tissue
- attaches to bones
-striated
-VOLUNTARY contraction -stabilizes and moves skeleton
-multinucleated tubes
Smooth muscle tissue
-viscera
-cells short, spindle shaped ONE nucleus
-non striated
-INVOLUNTARY contraction - slow sustained contractios
Cardiac muscle tissue
- found only in heart
-cells short, branches, SINGLE nuclei
-striated
-INVOLUNTARY contraction - continuous rhythmic contractions
Nervous Tissue
- receives/ processes signals from body and external environement
- generates/transmits impulses control various functions of body (maintaining homeostasis)
Characteristics of nervous tissue
- asymmetrical cells, long processes
-transmit electrical signals
