Tissue Response to Injury Flashcards

1
Q

“scorched earth strategy”

A

body responds by heaps of WBC can lead to lesions
trigger tissue destruction

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2
Q

what is this process called: “body responds by heaps of WBC can lead to lesions
trigger tissue destruction” ?
Demonstrate understanding of the relationship between injury and homeostasis

A
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3
Q

important principle?
Claud. B & Virchow theory?

A

any injury= can dirve cell away from homeostasis, response is mostly good
- C.B coined homeostasis
Virchow= any alteration of homestasis= disease

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4
Q

define homeostasis

A
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5
Q
A

stress to cell = changes:
good: efficient, adequate adapt, healthy cells return
bad: failure to adapt= cell injury= die
- cells die= complex healing, cells replaced by other cells (see lecture 4 wound healing, fibrosis)
- goal is homeostasis

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6
Q

death of living tissues is called?
- first organ to die after pt dies?
- organ that lives long?

A

necrosis

notes:
- first organ to die is pancreas bc strong enzyme in pancreatic cell
- cells long live: hair follicles

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7
Q

Identify the many types of cellular injuries, using example

A
  • heat, radiation, trauma, chemical, infection, immunological,, nutriton, ageing,
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8
Q

types of changes you can see in cell

A

hypertrophy= big size, hypo, atrophy (smaller size, sometimes by autophagy which is when cell eats itself), hyperplasia (more cell numbers), mtaplasia (mod. of aspect of cell) dysplasia, anaplasia (cancer)

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9
Q

Electron mag shows what

A

bad: acc. of water (hydropic degeneration?), pale mitochondria, lots of tiny vacoules, blebs on plasma membrane, can reverse.

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10
Q
A

blbs beginning. changes in nuclei.
C) def. irreversivle, cells dies, loss of nuclei structure, cell fragmented

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11
Q
A

liver
right: white bubbles are areas fat was stored and accumulated (can happen in heart and other tissues)

this is an e.g. of excess fat accumulation

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12
Q
A

see further: chronic obstructive pulm. disease: heart pump more, to push blood with more force, so size increase in contrast when cell dies (acute myocardial infarction= white not red tissue due to fibroblast and pus)

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13
Q

acinar hypertrophy vs serous atrophy

A

non inflamm non neoplastic pathology= enlarged acinar cells

acinar hypertrophy: only cells responsible for secreting hypertrophy
VS
serous atrophy= infection in glands

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14
Q

apoptosis vs autophagy

A

autophagy: cell eat itself. abn. activation of lysosomes. can be protective mechanism when severe nutrient deprivation (cells eat yourself :O)

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15
Q

normal conditions in heterophagy

A

eating something diff from cell itself

e.g. monocyte engulfing bacteria then fusion btw vacoul and lysosome= become phagolysosome, structure destroyed, debris removed in exocytosis (kicked out of cell)

autophagy: so existing structure of cell progressively destroyed, residue, heavily stained

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16
Q
A

overworked muscle

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17
Q
A

happens in plasma cells, when they make too much Ig molecules, there are heaps of pink hyaline structures

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18
Q
A
19
Q
A

proliferation of cells

20
Q
A

aspect of cell changed

e.g.columnar cell progresses to squamous, no microvilli and several layered. still reversible and can be protectivetective

21
Q

dysplasia

A

alt. of size or organisation of cell. reversible. mostly resolves on its own.

22
Q
A

em progressively eroded. some cells can migrate. cancer transformation complete. migration of cells -> metastatic lesion

23
Q

anaplasia

A
24
Q

summarise using image

A
25
Q

Metaplasia is replacement of

A

= replacement NOT gradual

26
Q

2 ways to die

A

necrosis + apoptosis, irreversible

27
Q

gen types of necorsis

A

irreversible
- coagulant: thrombus
- pyknosis: fat nucleus (density)
- liquefactive: pus e.g when tissue becomes liquid.
- caseous N: chronic inflammation lecture. specific to TB

28
Q

caseous necrosis is diagnosis of what?

A

TB

29
Q

fat necrosis is numerous in where?

A

pancreas

30
Q

Apoptosiss vs necrosis main diff

A

necrosis= inflammatory surrounding
apoptosis= NO

31
Q

apoptosis
pathological process?

A
32
Q

what is involution of breast medaited by

A

apoptosis

33
Q

growth of fingers are created by

A

triggering of apoptosis

34
Q
A

explosion of cancer cell

35
Q
A
36
Q
A

cxhanges in cell, leading to progressive destruction, triggering inflammatory cells (neutrophils are first cells. blebs progressively leave cell

37
Q

Differentiate between different types of cell death, using examples

A

cells get larger in apoptosis

38
Q
A

loss of structures, plama membrane destroyed, integrity bad so leaky, nmucleus condense progrssively shrinking

39
Q
A

necrosis of pulp= see nucleus structure and most of limit of cells GONE.

40
Q

Multiple pathways towards morphology of injury

A
41
Q

SUMMARY
cellular morphological responses to injury

A
42
Q

Identify morphological changes associated with cellular injury

A
43
Q

Lists the multiple pathways to the morphology of cellular injury

A
44
Q

Describe processes which affect the macroscopic changes in organs

A