Tissue Response to Injury Flashcards
“scorched earth strategy”
body responds by heaps of WBC can lead to lesions
trigger tissue destruction
what is this process called: “body responds by heaps of WBC can lead to lesions
trigger tissue destruction” ?
Demonstrate understanding of the relationship between injury and homeostasis
important principle?
Claud. B & Virchow theory?
any injury= can dirve cell away from homeostasis, response is mostly good
- C.B coined homeostasis
Virchow= any alteration of homestasis= disease
define homeostasis
stress to cell = changes:
good: efficient, adequate adapt, healthy cells return
bad: failure to adapt= cell injury= die
- cells die= complex healing, cells replaced by other cells (see lecture 4 wound healing, fibrosis)
- goal is homeostasis
death of living tissues is called?
- first organ to die after pt dies?
- organ that lives long?
necrosis
notes:
- first organ to die is pancreas bc strong enzyme in pancreatic cell
- cells long live: hair follicles
Identify the many types of cellular injuries, using example
- heat, radiation, trauma, chemical, infection, immunological,, nutriton, ageing,
types of changes you can see in cell
hypertrophy= big size, hypo, atrophy (smaller size, sometimes by autophagy which is when cell eats itself), hyperplasia (more cell numbers), mtaplasia (mod. of aspect of cell) dysplasia, anaplasia (cancer)
Electron mag shows what
bad: acc. of water (hydropic degeneration?), pale mitochondria, lots of tiny vacoules, blebs on plasma membrane, can reverse.
blbs beginning. changes in nuclei.
C) def. irreversivle, cells dies, loss of nuclei structure, cell fragmented
liver
right: white bubbles are areas fat was stored and accumulated (can happen in heart and other tissues)
this is an e.g. of excess fat accumulation
see further: chronic obstructive pulm. disease: heart pump more, to push blood with more force, so size increase in contrast when cell dies (acute myocardial infarction= white not red tissue due to fibroblast and pus)
acinar hypertrophy vs serous atrophy
non inflamm non neoplastic pathology= enlarged acinar cells
acinar hypertrophy: only cells responsible for secreting hypertrophy
VS
serous atrophy= infection in glands
apoptosis vs autophagy
autophagy: cell eat itself. abn. activation of lysosomes. can be protective mechanism when severe nutrient deprivation (cells eat yourself :O)
normal conditions in heterophagy
eating something diff from cell itself
e.g. monocyte engulfing bacteria then fusion btw vacoul and lysosome= become phagolysosome, structure destroyed, debris removed in exocytosis (kicked out of cell)
autophagy: so existing structure of cell progressively destroyed, residue, heavily stained
overworked muscle
happens in plasma cells, when they make too much Ig molecules, there are heaps of pink hyaline structures