Tissue Repair Flashcards
First step in tissue repair
inflammation
What is tissue repair and what does it attempt to do?
- response to cellular injury
- attempts to maintain normal body structure (homeostasis) and function
2 forms of Tissue Repair
- regeneration
- replacement
What occurs during Regeneration?
injured cells are replaced with cells of the SAME tissue type
no scars
What occurs during Replacement?
- buildup of connective tissue
- replaced with different cells of CT
- cause scars
What are the 2 primary structures of tissue Regeneration? What do they do?
parenchymal
- cells that perform the function of the targeted organ
- ex: liver’s purpose is to metabolize. Hepatocytes do that job
stromal
- structural cell: support CT, blood vessels, nerve fragments, and extracellular matrix
What determines the cell’s ability to regenerate?
What are the different regenerative cell types?
the cell’s ability to divide - mitosis
- Labile cells
- Stable cells
- Permanent/fixed cells
Labile cell characteristics and examples
- can divide QUICKLY
- skin cells
- uterus
- GI tract
Stable cell characteristics and examples
- cells stop dividing after organ stops growing
- stimulation is required for continued growth
- liver cells
Permanent/fixed cell characteristics and examples
- do not undergo division
- cannot regenerate
- nerve, heart, or brain cells
When does Fibrous tissue repair occur?
- replacement tissue repair
- occurs after a severe injury: deep laceration
- tissue is replaced with CT
What is Granulation and what is the process?
Process of “filling” a deep wound
- angiogenesis - growth of new blood vessels from preexisting blood vessels
- fibrogenesis
- formation of scar tissue
What occurs during fibrogenesis?
- activation of fibroblasts - proliferation/build up of fibroblasts
- formation of extracellular matrix- when activated, release the components that become extracellular matrix - helps make skin tough and durable
Steps to formation of scar tissue
- emigration and proliferation of fibroblasts
- deposits of extracellular matrix components
- deposit into wound area
- no more blood flow, but continuous build up of collagen
What are 2 components that regulate the healing process?
- chemical mediators
- growth factors
Chemical mediators include…
components that participate in the inflammatory response
Growth factors interact with ____ to control _____
interact with cell surface receptors to control processes involved with tissue repair and wound healing
Growth factors control…
proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism of cell
How do growth factors help regulate inflammatory process?
use chemoattractants to:
- stimulate accumulate angiogenesis
- contribute to generation of ECM
- chemotaxis
3 basic components of ECM
Components
1. fibrous structural proteins
2. water-hydrated gels
3. adhesive glycoproteins
2 basic forms of ECM
Forms
1. basement membrane
2. interstitial matrix
What are the 2 Fibrous structural proteins of the ECM?
- collagen
- elastin
What are the 2 water-hydrated gels of the ECM?
- proteoglycans
- hyaluronic acid
What are the 2 adhesive glycoproteins of the ECM?
- fibropectin
- lamin