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IMSK Exam 3 > Tissue Renewal and Repair > Flashcards

Tissue Renewal and Repair Flashcards

1
Q

What is parenchyma?

A

Functional cellular components of the tissue or organ

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2
Q

What is scarring?

A

Replacement of epithelium/parenchyma with CT

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3
Q

What is the bodies two responses to tissue loss?

A

Repair by regeneration or scarring

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4
Q

What is fibrosis?

A

An abnormal deposit of collagen and other ECM in the process of repair

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5
Q

What happens in a deep skin wound?

A

Stromal cells proliferate and predominate the parenchymal cells

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6
Q

When can regeneration occur?

A

As long as parenchyma can still proliferate and sufficient stromal tissue can provide support

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7
Q

What can chronic inflammation cause?

A

Fibrosis due to periodic cell loss

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8
Q

What are the primary inflammatory cells?

A

Polymorphonucleocytes (neutrophils) macrophages

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9
Q

What is granulation tissue?

A

Initial phase of stromal repair response highly vascular loose CT

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10
Q

What are three types of tissues?

A

Labile
Stabile
Permanent

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11
Q

What are labile tissues?

A

Continuously dividing cells

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12
Q

What are stabile tissues?

A

Quiescent cells that are in the Go stage and have limited proliferation can be stimulated to enter G1 stage

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13
Q

What are permanent tissues?

A

Post-mitotic cells

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14
Q

What are the 8 processes of wound healing/repair?

A 
Maintain hemostasis
Inflammatory response
Proliferation and migration of parenchyma cells
Angiogenesis
Formation of granulation tissue
Connective tissue remodeling
Wound contraction
Acquisition of increasing wound strength
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15
Q

What is needed for hemostasis?

A

Fibrinogen->Fibrin (scab/eschar formation)

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16
Q

What is provisional matrix?

A

Temporary loose CT

Type III collagen

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17
Q

What is involved in granulation tissue?

A

Angiogenesis
Mononuclear inflammatory cells
Type III collagen

18
Q

What are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)?

A

Enzymes that help degrade extracellular proteins

19
Q

How is the ECM remodeled?

A

Activation of MMPs and signaling of fibroblasts to deposit new proteins

20
Q

What signals the activation of fibroblasts?

A

TGF-Beta

21
Q

What causes wound contraction?

A

Myofibroblasts

22
Q

How is wound tensile strength increased?

A

Type 1 collagen (mature scar) is laid down

23
Q

What is granulation tissue as apposed to fibrosis?

A

Immature scar vs a mature scar

24
Q

What is healing by primary intent?

A

Approximating the wound edges to minimize scarring and heal quickly; typically not as deep of a wound

25
Q

What is healing by secondary intent?

A

Allowing the wound to heal by granulomatous tissue; grows from the bottom up and will leave a scar healing slowly; typically deep wounds

26
Q

What is patchy loss of cells in the heart cause?

A

Interstitial fibrosis

27
Q

What does diffuse loss of cells in the heart cause?

A

Myocardial infarction

28
Q

How long does it take for granulation tissue to mature?

A

7 days

29
Q

When does a scar gain maximum tensile strength?

A

14-21 days

30
Q

What can occur with 14 days of a MI?

A

An aneurysm may form due to weak scar formation if enough pressure is applied

31
Q

What is the difference between PNS and CNS axons?

A

CNS axons cannot regenerate

PNS axons can elongate and regenerate

32
Q

What accomplishes scarring in the CNS?

A

Glial cells via gliosis

33
Q

What accomplishes scarring in the PNS?

A

Fibroblasts via fibrosis

34
Q

What is hypertrophic scarring?

A

Excessive scar formation due to excessive amounts of collage resulting in a raised scar?

35
Q

What is a keloid?

A

Disorganized excessive scarring; excessive collagen in dermis that overshoots the bounds of the injury

36
Q

What is contracture?

A

Deformity of wounded tissue and surrounding structures

37
Q

How can contracture occur in somatic and visceral body parts?

A

Somatic: where skin is too close to tendons the tendons can become caught in contracting wounds
Visceral: can cause bowel strictures/obstruction

38
Q

What collagen is found in a mature scar?

A

Type I collagen

39
Q

What is a pyrogenic granuloma?

A

Inflammatory lesion with exuberant overgrowth of granulation tissue; neoplastic (often in gingiva of pregnant women)

40
Q

What is proud flesh?

A

Granulation of tissue that extends above the epithelial surface and inhibits re-epithelialization

41
Q

What is a desmoid?

A

Fibrosis following injury or surgical incision within soft tissue (neoplastic)

IMSK Exam 3 (16 decks)

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