Infection of Skin, Soft Tissue, Muscle, and Associated Systems

Question 1

Is Staphylococcus aureus catalase positive or negative?

Answer 1

Positive

Question 2

Is Streptococcus pyogenes catalase positive or negative?

Answer 2

Negative

Question 3

S. pyogenes gram stain

Answer 3

Positive

Question 4

What toxin causes scarlet fever?

Answer 4

Erythrogenic toxin

Question 5

How do superantigens mediate their effects?

Answer 5

By binding to multiple types of T cell receptors and releasing an over abundance of cytokines

Question 6

What is streptolysin?

Answer 6

Hemolysis enzyme produced by Streptococcus

Question 7

What is streptokinase?

Answer 7

Enzyme that dissolves blood clots

Question 8

What is a bulla indicative of?

Answer 8

Staph infection

Question 9

What are carbuncle/furuncles indicative of?

Answer 9

Strep infection

Question 10

How does strep manifest in the skin?

Answer 10

Erysipelas due to dermal lymphangitis erythema and induration (skin thickening/hardening); clear borders of rash

Question 11

What does cellulitis involve?

Answer 11

The hypodermis

Question 12

What do red streaks in cellulitis indicate?

Answer 12

Lymphangitis

Question 13

What is lymphangitis?

Answer 13

Inflammation of the lymphatic channels in the skin

Question 14

Which cellulitis infection is faster strep or staph?

Answer 14

Strep

Question 15

What is necrotizing fasciitis?

Answer 15

Infection of muscles and fascia (typically Strep pyogenes)

Question 16

Are clostridium gram positive or negative?

Answer 16

Positive

Question 17

What does C. tetani cause?

Answer 17

Rigid paralysis

Question 18

What does C. botulinum?

Answer 18

Flaccid paralysis

Question 19

What does C. perfringens produce and what are it’s effects?

Answer 19

Lecithinase

Dissolves cell membranes

Question 20

What is C. perfringens involved in?

Answer 20

Gas gangrene

Question 21

What are genital warts called?

Answer 21

Condyloma

Question 22

Which HPV strains are associated with cervical cancer?

Answer 22

16, 18, 31, 45

Question 23

Which strains of HPV cause genital warts?

Answer 23

6, 11, 18, 31

Question 24

What is the HPV genome?

Answer 24

dsDNA

Question 25

Which genes in HPV genome are oncogenic?

Answer 25

E6 | E7

Question 26

What proteins are desmosomes associated with?

Answer 26

Cadherin

Question 27

What proteins are hemidesmosomes associated with?

Answer 27

Integrins

Question 28

What does viral replication require from host cells?

Answer 28

DNA replication enzymes | Transcription enzymes

Question 29

What vaccine is more effective: Gardasil or Cervarix?

Answer 29

Gardasil

Question 30

What is herpesviruses genome?

Answer 30

dsDNA viruses

Question 31

Which herpes strand is roseola infantum?

Answer 31

Human Herpesvirus 6

Question 32

What test is used to diagnose herpes?

Answer 32

Tzanck test

Question 33

How can you distinguish between HSV 1 and 2?

Answer 33

PCR test

Question 34

What is indicative of measles?

Answer 34

Koplick's spots before rashes and maculopapules emerging

Question 35

What type of virus is measles?

Answer 35

Paramyxovirus

Question 36

What are Paramyxovirus genome?

Answer 36

ssRNA

Question 37

What do Paramyxovirus use to enter cells?

Answer 37

Hemagglutin for recognition of cells and fusion protein for entry

Question 38

What do Paramyxovirus create?

Answer 38

Multinucleate giant cells (syncytia) in lungs

Question 39

What is togaviridae?

Answer 39

German measles (rubella)

Question 40

Who is affected by German measles?

Answer 40

Fetus in the first three months of pregnancy

Question 41

What does rubella cause?

Answer 41

Cataracts | Heart defects

Question 42

What is the parvoviruses genome?

Answer 42

ssDNA

Question 43

What does parvovirus B19 cause?

Answer 43

Erythem Infectiosum: slapped cheek syndrome, fever, infection of bone marrow

Question 44

What are small discoloration of skin patches by fungi?

Answer 44

Pityriasis versicolor

Question 45

What causes Pityriasis versicolor?

Answer 45

Malassezia furfur

Question 46

How do you treat malassezia furfur?

Answer 46

Selenium sulphide or azole

Question 47

What are three dermatophytes (ringworms)?

Answer 47

Epidermophyton, Trichophyton, and Microsporum

Question 48

What type of skin can candida albicans infect?

Answer 48

Wet skin

Question 49

What grow subcutaneously in nodules?

Answer 49

Sporothrix schenkii | typically found in farmers from thorns pricking

Question 50

What are two systemic mycosis?

Answer 50

Blastomyces and Coccidioides