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IMSK Exam 3 > Infection of Skin, Soft Tissue, Muscle, and Associated Systems > Flashcards

Infection of Skin, Soft Tissue, Muscle, and Associated Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Is Staphylococcus aureus catalase positive or negative?

A

Positive

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2
Q

Is Streptococcus pyogenes catalase positive or negative?

A

Negative

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3
Q

S. pyogenes gram stain

A

Positive

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4
Q

What toxin causes scarlet fever?

A

Erythrogenic toxin

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5
Q

How do superantigens mediate their effects?

A

By binding to multiple types of T cell receptors and releasing an over abundance of cytokines

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6
Q

What is streptolysin?

A

Hemolysis enzyme produced by Streptococcus

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7
Q

What is streptokinase?

A

Enzyme that dissolves blood clots

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8
Q

What is a bulla indicative of?

A

Staph infection

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9
Q

What are carbuncle/furuncles indicative of?

A

Strep infection

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10
Q

How does strep manifest in the skin?

A

Erysipelas due to dermal lymphangitis erythema and induration (skin thickening/hardening); clear borders of rash

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11
Q

What does cellulitis involve?

A

The hypodermis

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12
Q

What do red streaks in cellulitis indicate?

A

Lymphangitis

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13
Q

What is lymphangitis?

A

Inflammation of the lymphatic channels in the skin

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14
Q

Which cellulitis infection is faster strep or staph?

A

Strep

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15
Q

What is necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Infection of muscles and fascia (typically Strep pyogenes)

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16
Q

Are clostridium gram positive or negative?

A

Positive

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17
Q

What does C. tetani cause?

A

Rigid paralysis

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18
Q

What does C. botulinum?

A

Flaccid paralysis

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19
Q

What does C. perfringens produce and what are it’s effects?

A

Lecithinase

Dissolves cell membranes

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20
Q

What is C. perfringens involved in?

A

Gas gangrene

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21
Q

What are genital warts called?

A

Condyloma

22
Q

Which HPV strains are associated with cervical cancer?

A

16, 18, 31, 45

23
Q

Which strains of HPV cause genital warts?

A

6, 11, 18, 31

24
Q

What is the HPV genome?

A

dsDNA

25
Q

Which genes in HPV genome are oncogenic?

A

E6

E7

26
Q

What proteins are desmosomes associated with?

A

Cadherin

27
Q

What proteins are hemidesmosomes associated with?

A

Integrins

28
Q

What does viral replication require from host cells?

A

DNA replication enzymes

Transcription enzymes

29
Q

What vaccine is more effective: Gardasil or Cervarix?

A

Gardasil

30
Q

What is herpesviruses genome?

A

dsDNA viruses

31
Q

Which herpes strand is roseola infantum?

A

Human Herpesvirus 6

32
Q

What test is used to diagnose herpes?

A

Tzanck test

33
Q

How can you distinguish between HSV 1 and 2?

A

PCR test

34
Q

What is indicative of measles?

A

Koplick’s spots before rashes and maculopapules emerging

35
Q

What type of virus is measles?

A

Paramyxovirus

36
Q

What are Paramyxovirus genome?

A

ssRNA

37
Q

What do Paramyxovirus use to enter cells?

A

Hemagglutin for recognition of cells and fusion protein for entry

38
Q

What do Paramyxovirus create?

A

Multinucleate giant cells (syncytia) in lungs

39
Q

What is togaviridae?

A

German measles (rubella)

40
Q

Who is affected by German measles?

A

Fetus in the first three months of pregnancy

41
Q

What does rubella cause?

A

Cataracts

Heart defects

42
Q

What is the parvoviruses genome?

A

ssDNA

43
Q

What does parvovirus B19 cause?

A

Erythem Infectiosum: slapped cheek syndrome, fever, infection of bone marrow

44
Q

What are small discoloration of skin patches by fungi?

A

Pityriasis versicolor

45
Q

What causes Pityriasis versicolor?

A

Malassezia furfur

46
Q

How do you treat malassezia furfur?

A

Selenium sulphide or azole

47
Q

What are three dermatophytes (ringworms)?

A

Epidermophyton, Trichophyton, and Microsporum

48
Q

What type of skin can candida albicans infect?

A

Wet skin

49
Q

What grow subcutaneously in nodules?

A

Sporothrix schenkii

typically found in farmers from thorns pricking

50
Q

What are two systemic mycosis?

A

Blastomyces and Coccidioides

IMSK Exam 3 (16 decks)

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