Tissue Relations to A.A.

Question 0

Dietary amino acids in the portal circulation are modified by which organ?

Answer 0

Liver

Question 1

What are the BCAAs and what is the side chain commonality?

Answer 1

Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine; hydrocarbon side chains

Question 2

What protein source serves as an expendable source of amino acids? (Reserve amino acid pool)

Answer 2

Skeletal muscle

Question 3

Which amino acids are nitrogen carriers?

Answer 3

Glutamine and alanine

Question 4

Which amino acid is the precursor for pyruvate into gluconeogenesis?

Answer 4

Alanine

Question 5

BCAAs are a key energy source for ______ ______ during which type of state?

Answer 5

skeletal muscle; catabolic state

Question 6

Why are the BCAAs a good fuel source?

Answer 6

Their hydrocarbon side chains are fully reduced carbons - offering more energy.

Question 7

When amino acids leave the liver their contents are remodeled, which amino acids are left untouched?

Answer 7

BCAAs

Question 8

Which amino acid is a source of ammonia used to buffer hydrogen ions?

Answer 8

Glutamine

Question 9

Which amino acid is the primary fuel source for the kidneys in normal and fasting conditions?

Answer 9

Glutamine

Question 10

What fuel source is used mainly by the cells of the renal medulla?

Answer 10

Glucose

Question 11

What material is largely oxidized by cells of the renal cortex?

Answer 11

Lactate

Question 12

Which amino acid is the major fuel of the gut?

Answer 12

Glutamine

Question 13

Besides glutamine, which other amino acids are oxidized by the gut?

Answer 13

Aspartate and BCAAs

Question 14

True/False: Fats and glucose are a significant energy source for the gut.

Answer 14

FALSE! They are NOT significant energy sources.

Question 15

What material from gut metabolism are transferred to the liver for detoxification?

Answer 15

Nitrogens

Question 16

Which cells make extensive use of short-chain fatty acids produced by bacteria?

Answer 16

Colonocytes

Question 17

How are amino acids categorized?

Answer 17

Fate of their carbon skeletons in catabolism

Question 18

Which types of amino acids produce pyruvate or Krebs cycle intermediates?

Answer 18

Glucgenic

Question 19

Which types of amino acids produce acetyl CoA or acetoacetyl CoA?

Answer 19

Ketogenic

Question 20

Which two amino acids are purely ketogenic?

Answer 20

Leucine & lysine

Question 21

Which amino acids are both ketogenic and glucogenic?

Answer 21

Tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, and threonine