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Biochem 2 - Final > Amino Acid Sheet > Flashcards

Amino Acid Sheet Flashcards

0
Q

Which amino acid is a major precursor for gluconeogenesis?

A

Alanine

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1
Q

Which amino acid is wholly incorporated into purines?

A

Glycine

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2
Q

Which amino acid is the major donor of 1-carbons to tetrahydrofolate?

A

Serine

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3
Q

Which amino acids are components of glutathione?

A

Lysine, cysteine, and glutamate

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4
Q

Which amino acids are referred to as the BCAA (branch chain amino acids)?

A

Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine

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5
Q

The amino acid synthesized in a B12 mediated reaction is _____.

A

Methionine

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6
Q

Which amino acid is the major fuel of enterocytes?

A

Glutamine

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7
Q

Which amino acids are nitrogen carriers in the circulation?

A

alanine and glutamine

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8
Q

Which amino acid residues are hydroxylated in a vitamin C-mediated process?

A

Proline and lysine

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9
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor of seratonin?

A

Tryptophan

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10
Q

Which amino acid is a precursor of melanins?

A

Tyrosine

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11
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor of catecholamines?

A

Tyrosine

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12
Q

Which amino acid is a nitrogen donor to the urea cycle?

A

Aspartate

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13
Q

Which amino acid is wholly incorporated into pyrimidines?

A

Aspartate

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14
Q

Which amino acids are nitrogen donors in purine synthesis?

A

Aspartate, glycine, and glutamine

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15
Q

Which amino acids are nitrogen donors in pyrimidine synthesis?

A

Aspartate and glutamine

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16
Q

Catabolism of which amino acid is impaired in phenylketouria?

A

Phenylalanine

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17
Q

Which amino acid is the precursor of carnitine?

A

Lysine and methionine

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18
Q

Which amino acid is a nitrogen donor in both purine and pyrimidine synthesis?

A

Aspartate and glutamine

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19
Q

Which amino acid is a precursor for niacin?

A

Tryptophan

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20
Q

Which amino acids are most important for buffering at physiological pH?

A

Cysteine and histadine

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21
Q

Which amino acid is a product of the urea cycle?

A

Arginine

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22
Q

Which amino acids can be de-aminated?

A

Glutamate, serine, and threonine

23
Q

Which amino acids are purely ketogenic?

A

Leucine and Lysine

24
Q

Which amino acid provides NH3 to buffer H+ in the kidneys?

A

Glutamine

25
Q

Which amino acid residues are targeted in vitamin K-mediated y-carboxylation reactions in the liver and bone?

A

Glutamate

26
Q

Which amino acid is a component of SAM?

A

Methionine

27
Q

When amino acids are transaminated, they are converted into _-____ _____.

A

a-keto acids

28
Q

All of the aromatic amino acids are both _________ and __________.

A

Ketogenic and glucogenic

29
Q

Amino acids are positive regulators of _________/________ release.

A

Insulin/glucagon

30
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

A

Phenylalanine, Valine, Threonine (PVT)
Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Methionine (TIM)
Histidine, Arginine, Leucine, Lysine (HALL)

31
Q

Which amino acid is a key fuel for immune system cells?

A

Glutamine

32
Q

__________ is produced in significant amounts by gut bacteria and incorporated into urea.

A

Ammonia

33
Q

This amino acid is part of the structure of tetrahydrofolate.

A

Glutamate

34
Q

Which amino acid can be synthesized from homocysteine?

A

Methionine and cysteine

35
Q

Which amino acid is used in the conjugation of bile acids?

A

Glycine and taurine

36
Q

Which amino acids are used in phase II reactions?

A

Glycine and taurine

37
Q

Which amino acids can be converted into propionyl CoA?

A

Isoleucine, Valine, and Threonine

38
Q

Which amino acid is incorporated into heme?

A

Glycine

39
Q

Identify an amino acid that is transaminated with pyruvate in skeletal muscle.

A

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine (the BCAAs)

40
Q

Which amino acid is converted to toxic phenylketones with an enzyme defect?

A

Phenylalanine

41
Q

Enzyme which assists in the complete oxidation of some amino acid carbons in muscle and gut? (Also used in citrate shuttle in FA synthesis)

A

Malic enzyme

42
Q

Which amino acids constitute 50% of the amino acids exiting the skeletal muscle during fasting?

A

Alanine and glutamine

43
Q

What is the vitamin most closely connected to amino group metabolism?

A

B6

44
Q

Residues of which amino acid are linked to biotin?

A

Lysine

45
Q

Which amino acid residue is extensively used in metallothioneins?

A

Cysteine

46
Q

Which amino acid can be depleted in heavy metal toxicity?

A

Cysteine

47
Q

Which amino acid can be converted into the neurotransmitter, GABA?

A

Glutamate

48
Q

Major source of the amino acids produced in the degradation of RBCs?

A

Hemoglobin

49
Q

Amino acid catabolism that is defective in Maple Syrup Urine disease?

A

Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine (BCAAs)

50
Q

True/False: Ornithine is not an amino acid so it is not included on the chart.

A

False

51
Q

Biosynthesis of amino acids requires a carbon skeleton and a source of ________.

A

Nitrogen

52
Q

Which amino acids are spared by the liver following absorption from the diet?

A

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine (BCAAs)

53
Q

Degradation of which amino acids in skeletal muscle requires the use of 5 co-enzymes before intermediates enter the Krebs cycle?

A

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine (BCAAs)

54
Q

Which amino acid is used to construct the ring found in CoQ10?

A

Tyrosine

Biochem 2 - Final (7 decks)

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