Amino Acid Sheet Flashcards
Which amino acid is a major precursor for gluconeogenesis?
Alanine
Which amino acid is wholly incorporated into purines?
Glycine
Which amino acid is the major donor of 1-carbons to tetrahydrofolate?
Serine
Which amino acids are components of glutathione?
Lysine, cysteine, and glutamate
Which amino acids are referred to as the BCAA (branch chain amino acids)?
Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine
The amino acid synthesized in a B12 mediated reaction is _____.
Methionine
Which amino acid is the major fuel of enterocytes?
Glutamine
Which amino acids are nitrogen carriers in the circulation?
alanine and glutamine
Which amino acid residues are hydroxylated in a vitamin C-mediated process?
Proline and lysine
Which amino acid is the precursor of seratonin?
Tryptophan
Which amino acid is a precursor of melanins?
Tyrosine
Which amino acid is the precursor of catecholamines?
Tyrosine
Which amino acid is a nitrogen donor to the urea cycle?
Aspartate
Which amino acid is wholly incorporated into pyrimidines?
Aspartate
Which amino acids are nitrogen donors in purine synthesis?
Aspartate, glycine, and glutamine
Which amino acids are nitrogen donors in pyrimidine synthesis?
Aspartate and glutamine
Catabolism of which amino acid is impaired in phenylketouria?
Phenylalanine
Which amino acid is the precursor of carnitine?
Lysine and methionine
Which amino acid is a nitrogen donor in both purine and pyrimidine synthesis?
Aspartate and glutamine
Which amino acid is a precursor for niacin?
Tryptophan
Which amino acids are most important for buffering at physiological pH?
Cysteine and histadine
Which amino acid is a product of the urea cycle?
Arginine
Which amino acids can be de-aminated?
Glutamate, serine, and threonine
Which amino acids are purely ketogenic?
Leucine and Lysine
Which amino acid provides NH3 to buffer H+ in the kidneys?
Glutamine
Which amino acid residues are targeted in vitamin K-mediated y-carboxylation reactions in the liver and bone?
Glutamate
Which amino acid is a component of SAM?
Methionine
When amino acids are transaminated, they are converted into _-____ _____.
a-keto acids
All of the aromatic amino acids are both _________ and __________.
Ketogenic and glucogenic
Amino acids are positive regulators of _________/________ release.
Insulin/glucagon
What are the essential amino acids?
Phenylalanine, Valine, Threonine (PVT)
Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Methionine (TIM)
Histidine, Arginine, Leucine, Lysine (HALL)
Which amino acid is a key fuel for immune system cells?
Glutamine
__________ is produced in significant amounts by gut bacteria and incorporated into urea.
Ammonia
This amino acid is part of the structure of tetrahydrofolate.
Glutamate
Which amino acid can be synthesized from homocysteine?
Methionine and cysteine
Which amino acid is used in the conjugation of bile acids?
Glycine and taurine
Which amino acids are used in phase II reactions?
Glycine and taurine
Which amino acids can be converted into propionyl CoA?
Isoleucine, Valine, and Threonine
Which amino acid is incorporated into heme?
Glycine
Identify an amino acid that is transaminated with pyruvate in skeletal muscle.
Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine (the BCAAs)
Which amino acid is converted to toxic phenylketones with an enzyme defect?
Phenylalanine
Enzyme which assists in the complete oxidation of some amino acid carbons in muscle and gut? (Also used in citrate shuttle in FA synthesis)
Malic enzyme
Which amino acids constitute 50% of the amino acids exiting the skeletal muscle during fasting?
Alanine and glutamine
What is the vitamin most closely connected to amino group metabolism?
B6
Residues of which amino acid are linked to biotin?
Lysine
Which amino acid residue is extensively used in metallothioneins?
Cysteine
Which amino acid can be depleted in heavy metal toxicity?
Cysteine
Which amino acid can be converted into the neurotransmitter, GABA?
Glutamate
Major source of the amino acids produced in the degradation of RBCs?
Hemoglobin
Amino acid catabolism that is defective in Maple Syrup Urine disease?
Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine (BCAAs)
True/False: Ornithine is not an amino acid so it is not included on the chart.
False
Biosynthesis of amino acids requires a carbon skeleton and a source of ________.
Nitrogen
Which amino acids are spared by the liver following absorption from the diet?
Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine (BCAAs)
Degradation of which amino acids in skeletal muscle requires the use of 5 co-enzymes before intermediates enter the Krebs cycle?
Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine (BCAAs)
Which amino acid is used to construct the ring found in CoQ10?
Tyrosine
