Tissue Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

what are Tissues?

A
  • a group of cells with common embryonic origin that function together to carry out a specific function

Includes hard (bone), semisolid (fat - stores triglycerides) & liquid (blood, CSF, Lymph)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the types of tissues

A
  • Epithelial
  • Connective (5 classifications)
  • Muscular
  • Nervous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, cavities ducts & forms glands

(5 classifications)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of tissue connects, supports & binds organs?

A

Connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What tissue generates physical force needed to move the body and generate body heat?

A

Muscular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What tissue type detects changes in the body & responds by generating nerve impulses?

A

Nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

All tissue types form from which 3 things?

(Germ layers)

A
  • Endoderm (GI tract, internal organs)
  • Mesoderm
  • Ectoderm

Epithelial tissues develop from all 3 germ layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

all connective and muscle tissue derive from the what?

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the ectoderm creates what tissues?

A

Nervous tissue and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a biopsy?

A

A sample of living tissue taken:
-looking for cancer
-infections
-inflammatory processes
-connective tissue disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 5 most common types of cell junctions?

A
  1. Tight junctions (linkers)
  2. Adherens junctions
  3. Desmosomes
  4. Hemidesmosomes
  5. Gap junctions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of junctions are common in epithelial tissues of the stomach, bladder, urinary & intestines?

A

Tight junctions
* prevent passage of substances between cells from leaking into surrouding tissues
* Transmembrane proteins fuse cells together (linkers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adherens Junction

A
  • dense layer of proteins called plaque form adhesion belts that encircle the cell (found 1 in epithelial cells)
  • resists separation of cells during contractile activities
  • cadherins are transmembrane proteins that insert into the plaque
  • located inside the cell & attach to both membrane proteins and microfilaments of the cytoskeleton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are desmosomes?

A
  • Contain plaque and
    cadherins that extend into
    the intercellular space to
    attach adjacent cells
  • the plaque attaches to intermediate filaments that contain the protein keratin
  • prevents epidermal cells from separating under tension & cardiac muscle cells from pulling apart during contraction

cell junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hemidesmosomes

cell junction

A
  • Connects epithelial tissue to underlying tissue (fascia)
  • anchors CELLS to BASEMENT membrane (NOT cells adjacent to cells)
  • contains transmembrane glycoprotein integrin
  • Integrins attach to intermediat filaments and the protein lamilin present in the basement membrane

resembles half a desmosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a gap junction?

cell junctions

A
  • a tiny, fluid filled tunnel between cells (called a connexon)
  • cells are separeted by intracellular gap
  • ions, nutrients, wastes, chemical & electrical signals travel through connexons

seen primarily in nerve & muscle (cardiac) cells

17
Q

What tissues consist of cells arranged in continuous sheets, from single to multiple layers?

A

Epithelial tissues
- functioning in covering & lining the body
- has a free surface to outside of body or hollow inside

18
Q

What are the 3 major functions of epithelial tissues?

A
  1. Selective barrier - regulates what comes in and out of the body
  2. Secretory surfaces - release products onto the surface
  3. Protective surfaces against the environment
19
Q

What are the 3 general features of epithelial cells

and describe each

A

Apical (free surface) - the edge of the cell facing the body surface, cavity, lumen or duct
Lateral surface - faces adjacent cells
Basal surface - attached to the basment membrane

20
Q

what are basal & reticular lamina?

A

thin double layer that serves as the point of attachment between epithelial cells & underlying tissue

basal: attached to epithelial cells, contains lamilin, collagen, glycoproteins & proteoglycans (glue that holds fascia together)

reticular: attached to connective tissues, contains collagen

BASEMENT MEMBRANES

21
Q

how is epithelial tissue used in the body?

A

Outer covering
- skin
Inner linings
-blood vessels, ducts
- respiratory, digestive, urinary & reproductive
Glandular epithelium
- secreting portion of glands

22
Q

Epithelial tissue is avascular, what does that mean?

A

it does not have its own blood supply
- has its own nerve
- has a high rate of cell division for regeneration and repair

23
Q

what tissue regenerates and what tissue repairs?

A

skeletal muscle repairs with fibrous tissue

smooth cardiac muscle regenerates via mitotic cell division

24
Q

how is epithelial tissue classified?

A

by cell shape (simple, pseudostratified & stratified)
and
arrangement of layers (squamous - flat, cuboidal and columnar)

25
Q

what is simple epithelium?

A

a single layer of cells that function in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion & absorption

26
Q

what is psudostratfied epithelium?

A

cells that appear to have multiple layers because the nucleus are at different levels, but is only one layer
all cells do not reach the apical surface

27
Q

what is stratified epithelium

A

two or more layers of cells that protect the underlying tissues in areas of wear & tear

28
Q

What is the name of the shape of thin cells, arranged like floor tiles, that allow for rapid passage of substances called?

Epithelial

A

Squamous cells

29
Q

which epithelial cells apear as tall as they are wide?
And what are their functions?

A

cuboidal cells that may have cillia
they function in secretions or absorption

30
Q

what is the name for the shape of epithelial cells that are taller than they are wide?

what are their functions?

what other structures might they have?

A

columnar

secretion and absorption

may have microvilli

31
Q
A