Chemistry

Question 1

Atomic number

Answer 1

number of protons in the nucleus
determines the characteristics of an atom

Question 2

3 forms of matter in the body and examples

Answer 2

Solid - bone, muscle etc
Liquid - plasma, synovial fluid, blood
Gas - oxygen, carbon dioxide

Question 3

4 major elements in body & percentage they make up

Answer 3

C - Carbon
H - Hydrogen
O - Oxygen
N - Nitrogen
96%

Question 4

Crazy People Keep Singing New Catchy Music Intensely

8 Lesser elements and % in body

Answer 4

Calcium (Ca++) – bones, teeth, muscle contraction, ATP
Phosphorous (P+) – bone, nucleic acids
Potassium (K+) – most plentiful cation, intracellular
Sulfur (S+) – component of vitamins & proteins
Sodium (Na+) – most plentiful cation, extracellular, water balance
Chloride (Cl-) – most plentiful anion, water balance
Magnesium (Mg++) - enzymes
Iron (Fe++) - hemoglobin

Question 5

What trace elements should we know of

Answer 5

Zn - Zinc - skin
I - Iodine - thyroid problems, dietary source

Question 6

What is an isotope?

Answer 6

elements with a different number of NEUTRONS
making it radioactive

Question 7

Define a free radical

Answer 7

an electrically charged (unstable) atom with an unpaired electron
- causes tissue damage
- can become stable by giving up/gaining an electron from another molecule

Question 8

Ion

Answer 8

atom that gained or gave up an electron
written with chemical symbol (-) or (++)

Question 9

Molecule

Answer 9

when two or more atoms are bonded together (sharing electrons)
- either same or different elements

Question 10

compound

Answer 10

molecules that consist of atoms of different elements

Question 11

Antioxidants

Answer 11

substances that inactivates oxygen-derived free radicals

Question 12

Chemical bonds

Answer 12

forces of attraction that hold atoms together

Question 13

Valence shell

Answer 13

The outermost “layers” of an atom where all chemical bonds form.
The number of electrons in an atom’s outermost valence shell determine its likelihood to form new chemical bonds

Question 14

what is the Octet rule?

Answer 14

an atom with 8 valence shell electrons is considered stable and will not react with other atoms

Question 15

What are the 6 types of proteins?
Hint: Silly Robots In Tiny Colourful Cars

Answer 15

Structural - collagen, keratin
Regulatory - hormones & NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Immunological - protection - antibodies
Transport - lipoprotein / hemoglobin
Contractile - myosin/actin
Catalytic - enzymes