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tissue level of organization Flashcards

1
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers surfaces exposed to the environment (skin, airways, digestive tract, glands)

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2
Q

connective tissue

A
  • fills internal spaces
  • supports other tissues
  • transports materials
  • stores energy
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3
Q

muscle tissue

A

specialized for contraction (skeletal muscle, heart muscle)

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4
Q

neural tissue

A

carries electrical signals from one part of the body to another

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5
Q

contents of epithelial tissue

A
  • epithelia
  • glands
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6
Q

epithelia

A

layers of cells that cover internal or external surfaces (digestive, respiratory, urinary and urogenital tracts)

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7
Q

glands

A

structures that produce secretions

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8
Q

5 characteristics of epithelia

A
  • cellularity
  • polarity
  • attachment
  • avascularity
  • regeneration
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9
Q

4 functions of epithelial tissues

A
  • physical protection
  • permeability
  • sensation
  • produce specialized secretions
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10
Q

neuroepithelia

A

specialized for the sensations of smell, taste, sight, equilibrium, and hearing

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11
Q

microvili

A
  • increase surface area to aid in absorption, secretion and transport
  • found in urinary and digestive tracts
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12
Q

cilia

A
  • move fluids across the surface of the epithelium
  • found in respiratory tract
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13
Q

3 factors that make the epithelium an effective barrier

A
  • intercellular connections
  • attachment to basal lamina
  • maintenance and repair
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14
Q

3 types of epithelia cell shape

A
  • squamous
  • cuboidal
  • columnar
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15
Q

squamous cell shape

A

flat shape

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16
Q

cuboidal cell shape

A

square or cube shape

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17
Q

columnar cell shape

A

tall, rectangular shape

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18
Q

2 types of cell layers

A
  • simple
  • stratified
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19
Q

simple cell layer

A

one cell layer

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20
Q

stratified cell layer

A

more than one cell layer

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21
Q

location of simple squamous epithelia

A

found in sites of diffusion and absorption

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22
Q

mesothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium lining ventral body cavities (serous membranes, alveoli)

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23
Q

endothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium lining heart and blood vessels

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24
Q

function of simple squamous epithelium

A

allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration, secretes lubricating substances

25
location of stratified squamous epithelium
lining of mouth, esophagus, anus, exposed body surfaces
26
function of stratified squamous epithelium
protects against chemical and physical attacks
27
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- contains the protein keratin - found in apical skin cells
28
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
resists abrasion but dries out and must be lubricated (oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, anus, vagina)
29
function of simple cuboidal epithelium
secretion and absorption
30
function of stratified cuboidal epithelium
protection, secretion, absorption
31
function & location of transitional epithelia
- stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ - lines ureters, bladder, urethra
32
simple columnar epithelium
- found where absorption or secretion occur - contain microvilli (small intestine) - contain cilia (fallopian tubes)
33
location of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
cilia cells found in portions of the respiratory tract and male reproductive tract
34
location of stratified columnar epithelia
pharynx, epiglotis, anus, urethra
35
endocrine glands
- don't have ducts - release hormones - ex. thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pituitary gland
36
exocrine glands
- release secretions into ducts - ex. sweat glands, tear glands, digestive enzymes
37
connective tissue
- most abundant type of tissue - come from mesoderm - supported by fibers
38
functions of connective tissue
- adds support and strengthens - binds tissues together - protects and insulates internal structures - provides metabolic needs - main source of immune response
39
extracellular matrix of CT
contains protein fibers & ground substance
40
CT cells
-blasts: produce extracellular matrix -cytes: maintain structure
41
ground substance
- supports cells - binds together - stores water
42
glycoaminoglycans (GAGs)
- hyaluronic acid (main GAG) - binds cells together - lubricates joints - maintains eyeball shape
43
collagen fibers
- found in bones, tendons, ligaments, dermis - tear resistant - fascia: shiny white, covers muscle
44
reticular fibers
- consists of collagen - provide soft structure across an area - found in spleen, lymph nodes - tears easily
45
elastic fibers
- produced by fibroblasts - made of elastin (stretches easily) - found in lungs, blood vessels next to heart, skin, bladder
46
2 types of CT cells
- fibroblasts - adipocytes
47
fibroblasts
secrete proteins to make fibers
48
adipocytes
- filled with triglycerides - can be a source of energy
49
loose CT
- more cells than fibers - binding material - surrounds blood vessels and nerves
50
dense CT
- more fibers than cells
51
loose CT examples
- areolar CT (found in intestines) - adipose CT (found in heart & kidney) - reticular CT (found in lymph nodes)
52
regular dense CT
- "white fibrous CT" - arranged parallel to direction of force - in tendons and ligaments
53
irregular dense CT
- not unidirectional - in dermis of skin, GI tract
54
cartilage CT
- chondroblasts: carilagenous material - chondrocytes (structured cells) are embedded in lacunae
55
3 types of cartilage CT
- hyaline - elastic - fibrocartilage
56
hyaline
- most abundant cartilage CT - necessary for bone formation - supports trachea, bronchial tubes, costal cartilage
57
fibrocartilage
- strongest cartilage - found in sites of major stress
58
elastic cartilage
- highly flexible due to elastic fibers - found in ears and epiglottis

a&p lab (6 decks)

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