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a&p lab > tissue level of organization > Flashcards

tissue level of organization Flashcards

1
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers surfaces exposed to the environment (skin, airways, digestive tract, glands)

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2
Q

connective tissue

A
  • fills internal spaces
  • supports other tissues
  • transports materials
  • stores energy
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3
Q

muscle tissue

A

specialized for contraction (skeletal muscle, heart muscle)

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4
Q

neural tissue

A

carries electrical signals from one part of the body to another

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5
Q

contents of epithelial tissue

A
  • epithelia
  • glands
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6
Q

epithelia

A

layers of cells that cover internal or external surfaces (digestive, respiratory, urinary and urogenital tracts)

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7
Q

glands

A

structures that produce secretions

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8
Q

5 characteristics of epithelia

A
  • cellularity
  • polarity
  • attachment
  • avascularity
  • regeneration
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9
Q

4 functions of epithelial tissues

A
  • physical protection
  • permeability
  • sensation
  • produce specialized secretions
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10
Q

neuroepithelia

A

specialized for the sensations of smell, taste, sight, equilibrium, and hearing

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11
Q

microvili

A
  • increase surface area to aid in absorption, secretion and transport
  • found in urinary and digestive tracts
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12
Q

cilia

A
  • move fluids across the surface of the epithelium
  • found in respiratory tract
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13
Q

3 factors that make the epithelium an effective barrier

A
  • intercellular connections
  • attachment to basal lamina
  • maintenance and repair
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14
Q

3 types of epithelia cell shape

A
  • squamous
  • cuboidal
  • columnar
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15
Q

squamous cell shape

A

flat shape

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16
Q

cuboidal cell shape

A

square or cube shape

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17
Q

columnar cell shape

A

tall, rectangular shape

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18
Q

2 types of cell layers

A
  • simple
  • stratified
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19
Q

simple cell layer

A

one cell layer

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20
Q

stratified cell layer

A

more than one cell layer

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21
Q

location of simple squamous epithelia

A

found in sites of diffusion and absorption

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22
Q

mesothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium lining ventral body cavities (serous membranes, alveoli)

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23
Q

endothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium lining heart and blood vessels

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24
Q

function of simple squamous epithelium

A

allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration, secretes lubricating substances

25
Q

location of stratified squamous epithelium

A

lining of mouth, esophagus, anus, exposed body surfaces

26
Q

function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

protects against chemical and physical attacks

27
Q

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • contains the protein keratin
  • found in apical skin cells
28
Q

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

resists abrasion but dries out and must be lubricated (oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, anus, vagina)

29
Q

function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

secretion and absorption

30
Q

function of stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

protection, secretion, absorption

31
Q

function & location of transitional epithelia

A
  • stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ
  • lines ureters, bladder, urethra
32
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A
  • found where absorption or secretion occur
  • contain microvilli (small intestine)
  • contain cilia (fallopian tubes)
33
Q

location of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

cilia cells found in portions of the respiratory tract and male reproductive tract

34
Q

location of stratified columnar epithelia

A

pharynx, epiglotis, anus, urethra

35
Q

endocrine glands

A
  • don’t have ducts
  • release hormones
  • ex. thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pituitary gland
36
Q

exocrine glands

A
  • release secretions into ducts
  • ex. sweat glands, tear glands, digestive enzymes
37
Q

connective tissue

A
  • most abundant type of tissue
  • come from mesoderm
  • supported by fibers
38
Q

functions of connective tissue

A
  • adds support and strengthens
  • binds tissues together
  • protects and insulates internal structures
  • provides metabolic needs
  • main source of immune response
39
Q

extracellular matrix of CT

A

contains protein fibers & ground substance

40
Q

CT cells

A

-blasts: produce extracellular matrix
-cytes: maintain structure

41
Q

ground substance

A
  • supports cells
  • binds together
  • stores water
42
Q

glycoaminoglycans (GAGs)

A
  • hyaluronic acid (main GAG)
  • binds cells together
  • lubricates joints
  • maintains eyeball shape
43
Q

collagen fibers

A
  • found in bones, tendons, ligaments, dermis
  • tear resistant
  • fascia: shiny white, covers muscle
44
Q

reticular fibers

A
  • consists of collagen
  • provide soft structure across an area
  • found in spleen, lymph nodes
  • tears easily
45
Q

elastic fibers

A
  • produced by fibroblasts
  • made of elastin (stretches easily)
  • found in lungs, blood vessels next to heart, skin, bladder
46
Q

2 types of CT cells

A
  • fibroblasts
  • adipocytes
47
Q

fibroblasts

A

secrete proteins to make fibers

48
Q

adipocytes

A
  • filled with triglycerides
  • can be a source of energy
49
Q

loose CT

A
  • more cells than fibers
  • binding material
  • surrounds blood vessels and nerves
50
Q

dense CT

A
  • more fibers than cells
51
Q

loose CT examples

A
  • areolar CT (found in intestines)
  • adipose CT (found in heart & kidney)
  • reticular CT (found in lymph nodes)
52
Q

regular dense CT

A
  • “white fibrous CT”
  • arranged parallel to direction of force
  • in tendons and ligaments
53
Q

irregular dense CT

A
  • not unidirectional
  • in dermis of skin, GI tract
54
Q

cartilage CT

A
  • chondroblasts: carilagenous material
  • chondrocytes (structured cells) are embedded in lacunae
55
Q

3 types of cartilage CT

A
  • hyaline
  • elastic
  • fibrocartilage
56
Q

hyaline

A
  • most abundant cartilage CT
  • necessary for bone formation
  • supports trachea, bronchial tubes, costal cartilage
57
Q

fibrocartilage

A
  • strongest cartilage
  • found in sites of major stress
58
Q

elastic cartilage

A
  • highly flexible due to elastic fibers
  • found in ears and epiglottis

a&p lab (6 decks)

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