skin and bones

Question 1

5 functions of the skin

Answer 1

• regulation of body temp
• protection
• cutaneous sensations
• excretion & absorption
• synthesis of vitamin d

Question 2

3 structures of the skin

Answer 2

• epidermis
• dermis
• hypodermis

Question 3

epidermis

Answer 3

thin epithelial layer of skin

Question 4

dermis

Answer 4

• thickest, toughest layer of skin
• layer of CT that anchors skin to deep tissues
• areolar CT & dense irregular CT

Question 5

hypodermis

Answer 5

• below the skin
• made of adipose tissue

Question 6

stratum corneum

Answer 6

• most superficial layer
• contains dead skin cells
• filled with keratin

Question 7

stratum granulosum

Answer 7

• layers of flat cells
• lamellar & keratohyaline granules

Question 8

stratum spinosum

Answer 8

• layers of keratinocytes
• intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin

Question 9

stratum basale

Answer 9

• deepest epidermal layer
• row of mitotic stem cells

Question 10

5 layers of the epidermis

Answer 10

• stratum corneum
• stratum lucidum
• stratum granulosum
• stratum spinosum
• stratum basale

Question 11

merocrine secretion

Answer 11

eccrine (sweat glands)

Question 12

apocrine secretion

Answer 12

axillary, mammary

Question 13

holocrine secretion

Answer 13

sebaceous, tarsal (eyes)

Question 14

3 modes of glandular secretion

Answer 14

• merocrine
• apocrine
• holocrine

Question 15

structural roles of skeletal system

Answer 15

• structural framework of the body
• bones protect organs
• bones and joints allow movement

Question 16

functional roles of skeletal system

Answer 16

• mineral homeostasis: bones store calcium
• blood cell production: blood cells stored in red bone marrow
• triglyceride storage: red bone marrow becomes yellow

Question 17

2 types of osseous tissue

Answer 17

• compact bone (most dense)
• spongy bone

Question 18

compact bone

Answer 18

• provides strength of long bones
• osteon: units of mineral salt, blood vessels, and nerves

Question 19

spongy bone

Answer 19

• main tissue in flat bones
• trabeculae align
• large surface area allows for more marrow tissue to adhere

Question 20

organic components of bone

Answer 20

osteoid: has ground substance & collagen, secreted by osteoblasts

Question 21

inorganic components of bone

Answer 21

hydroxyapatites: makes bones hard, provides longitudinal strength

Question 22

proliferation zone of bones

Answer 22

cartilage cells undergo mitosis

Question 23

hypertrophic zone of bones

Answer 23

older cartilage cells enlarge

Question 24

calcification zone of bones

Answer 24

matrix calcifies, cartilage cells die, matrix deteriorates, contains blood vessels

Question 25

ossification zone of bones

Answer 25

where new bone forms