cell structure and cell division

Question 1

peroxisome function

Answer 1

• break down organic compounds
• neutralize toxic compounds

Question 2

lysosome function

Answer 2

break down organic compounds and damaged organelles or pathogens

Question 3

microvilli function

Answer 3

increase surface area for absorption

Question 4

golgi apparatus function

Answer 4

store and package synthesized products

Question 5

nucleus function

Answer 5

• controls metabolism
• stores and processes genetic info
• controls protein synthesis

Question 6

nucleus structure

Answer 6

• contains enzymes, proteins, DNA, and nucleotides
  surrounded by the nuclear envelope

Question 7

endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 7

• synthesizes secretory products
• stores and transports
• detoxifies drugs and toxins

Question 8

smooth ER

Answer 8

• no attached ribosomes
• synthesizes lipids and carbs

Question 9

rough ER

Answer 9

• attached ribosomes
• modifies/packages synthesized proteins

Question 10

ribosomes structure

Answer 10

RNA and proteins

Question 11

ribosomes function

Answer 11

synthesize proteins

Question 12

mitochondria function

Answer 12

produces cellular ATP

Question 13

cytoskeleton structure

Answer 13

• proteins organized into filaments
• centrosome

Question 14

cytoskeleton function

Answer 14

• strengthens and supports cell
• moves cellular structures and materials within the cell

Question 15

centrosome

Answer 15

organizing center containing pair of centrioles

Question 16

plasma membrane

Answer 16

selectively permeable barrier separating inside of cell from the extracellular fluid

Question 17

what does the plasma membrane control

Answer 17

• entry of ions and nutrients
• elimination of wastes
• release of secretions

Question 18

composition of plasma membrane

Answer 18

• phospholipid bilayer
• proteins

Question 19

2 layers of phospholipid bilayer

Answer 19

• hydrophilic heads (face the outside)
• hydrophobic tails (face the inside)

Question 20

function of cholesterol in the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 20

• contains hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions (amphipathic)
• functions to add structure to the plasma membrane

Question 21

integral proteins

Answer 21

• part of the cell membrane
• transport water or solutes

Question 22

peripheral proteins

Answer 22

• attached to inner or outer surface of membrane
• have regulatory or enzymatic functions

Question 23

mitosis

Answer 23

division of a single cell to a pair of daughter cells

Question 24

2 divisions of the cell cycle

Answer 24

interphase and Mitotic (M) phase

Question 25

interphase

Answer 25

G1 S phase G2

Question 26

G1 & G2 phase

Answer 26

cell growth

Question 27

S phase

Answer 27

DNA synthesis

Question 28

M phase

Answer 28

mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 29

mitosis

Answer 29

division and duplication of the cell's nucleus

Question 30

4 stages of mitosis

Answer 30

- prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase

Question 31

cytokinesis

Answer 31

division of cytoplasm

Question 32

prophase

Answer 32

- nuclear envelope disappears - centrioles move to poles - chromosomes appear

Question 33

metaphase

Answer 33

chromosomes align at metaphase plate

Question 34

anaphase

Answer 34

- chromatids separate - shortest phase

Question 35

telophase

Answer 35

- nuclear membranes re-form - cytoplasm starts dividing

Question 36

characteristic of semipermeable membrane

Answer 36

- non-polar and small molecules pass easily - ions and polar molecules need transporter proteins

Question 37

factors that affect the rate of transport

Answer 37

- concentration gradient - electrical gradients - solution

Question 38

how does concentration gradient affect rate of transports

Answer 38

- increased concentration = increased absorption - decreased concentration = decreased absorption

Question 39

how do electrical gradients affect the rate of transport

Answer 39

molecules with a charge slow down absorption

Question 40

simple diffusion

Answer 40

- movement of substance from high to low concentration - uses kinetic energy

Question 41

how does concentration gradient effect rate of diffusion

Answer 41

greater difference leads to faster diffusion

Question 42

how does temperature effect rate of diffusion

Answer 42

- increased temp = increased absorption - decreased temp = decreased absorption

Question 43

how does mass of solute effect rate of diffusion

Answer 43

- increased mass = decreased absorption - decreased mass = increased absorption

Question 44

how does surface area effect rate of diffusion

Answer 44

- increased surface area = increases diffusion - decreased surface area = decreased diffusion

Question 45

facilitated diffusion

Answer 45

- movement of substance from high to low concentration through a carrier molecule - channel-mediated or carrier-mediated

Question 46

channel-mediated diffusion

Answer 46

charges allow solutes to pass

Question 47

carrier-mediated diffusion

Answer 47

binds with solute in order to pass

Question 48

osmosis

Answer 48

movement of water from high to low concentration

Question 49

effect on cell in isotonic solution

Answer 49

no net movement of water

Question 50

effect on cell in hypotonic solution

Answer 50

water enters cell

Question 51

effect on cell in hypertonic solution

Answer 51

water leaves cell