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a&p lab > cell structure and cell division > Flashcards

cell structure and cell division Flashcards

1
Q

peroxisome function

A
  • break down organic compounds
  • neutralize toxic compounds
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2
Q

lysosome function

A

break down organic compounds and damaged organelles or pathogens

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3
Q

microvilli function

A

increase surface area for absorption

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4
Q

golgi apparatus function

A

store and package synthesized products

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5
Q

nucleus function

A
  • controls metabolism
  • stores and processes genetic info
  • controls protein synthesis
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6
Q

nucleus structure

A
  • contains enzymes, proteins, DNA, and nucleotides
    surrounded by the nuclear envelope
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7
Q

endoplasmic reticulum function

A
  • synthesizes secretory products
  • stores and transports
  • detoxifies drugs and toxins
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8
Q

smooth ER

A
  • no attached ribosomes
  • synthesizes lipids and carbs
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9
Q

rough ER

A
  • attached ribosomes
  • modifies/packages synthesized proteins
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10
Q

ribosomes structure

A

RNA and proteins

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11
Q

ribosomes function

A

synthesize proteins

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12
Q

mitochondria function

A

produces cellular ATP

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13
Q

cytoskeleton structure

A
  • proteins organized into filaments
  • centrosome
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14
Q

cytoskeleton function

A
  • strengthens and supports cell
  • moves cellular structures and materials within the cell
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15
Q

centrosome

A

organizing center containing pair of centrioles

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16
Q

plasma membrane

A

selectively permeable barrier separating inside of cell from the extracellular fluid

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17
Q

what does the plasma membrane control

A
  • entry of ions and nutrients
  • elimination of wastes
  • release of secretions
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18
Q

composition of plasma membrane

A
  • phospholipid bilayer
  • proteins
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19
Q

2 layers of phospholipid bilayer

A
  • hydrophilic heads (face the outside)
  • hydrophobic tails (face the inside)
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20
Q

function of cholesterol in the phospholipid bilayer

A
  • contains hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions (amphipathic)
  • functions to add structure to the plasma membrane
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21
Q

integral proteins

A
  • part of the cell membrane
  • transport water or solutes
22
Q

peripheral proteins

A
  • attached to inner or outer surface of membrane
  • have regulatory or enzymatic functions
23
Q

mitosis

A

division of a single cell to a pair of daughter cells

24
Q

2 divisions of the cell cycle

A

interphase and Mitotic (M) phase

25
Q

interphase

A

G1
S phase
G2

26
Q

G1 & G2 phase

A

cell growth

27
Q

S phase

A

DNA synthesis

28
Q

M phase

A

mitosis and cytokinesis

29
Q

mitosis

A

division and duplication of the cell’s nucleus

30
Q

4 stages of mitosis

A
  • prophase
  • metaphase
  • anaphase
  • telophase
31
Q

cytokinesis

A

division of cytoplasm

32
Q

prophase

A
  • nuclear envelope disappears
  • centrioles move to poles
  • chromosomes appear
33
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes align at metaphase plate

34
Q

anaphase

A
  • chromatids separate
  • shortest phase
35
Q

telophase

A
  • nuclear membranes re-form
  • cytoplasm starts dividing
36
Q

characteristic of semipermeable membrane

A
  • non-polar and small molecules pass easily
  • ions and polar molecules need transporter proteins
37
Q

factors that affect the rate of transport

A
  • concentration gradient
  • electrical gradients
  • solution
38
Q

how does concentration gradient affect rate of transports

A
  • increased concentration = increased absorption
  • decreased concentration = decreased absorption
39
Q

how do electrical gradients affect the rate of transport

A

molecules with a charge slow down absorption

40
Q

simple diffusion

A
  • movement of substance from high to low concentration
  • uses kinetic energy
41
Q

how does concentration gradient effect rate of diffusion

A

greater difference leads to faster diffusion

42
Q

how does temperature effect rate of diffusion

A
  • increased temp = increased absorption
  • decreased temp = decreased absorption
43
Q

how does mass of solute effect rate of diffusion

A
  • increased mass = decreased absorption
  • decreased mass = increased absorption
44
Q

how does surface area effect rate of diffusion

A
  • increased surface area = increases diffusion
  • decreased surface area = decreased diffusion
45
Q

facilitated diffusion

A
  • movement of substance from high to low concentration through a carrier molecule
  • channel-mediated or carrier-mediated
46
Q

channel-mediated diffusion

A

charges allow solutes to pass

47
Q

carrier-mediated diffusion

A

binds with solute in order to pass

48
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water from high to low concentration

49
Q

effect on cell in isotonic solution

A

no net movement of water

50
Q

effect on cell in hypotonic solution

A

water enters cell

51
Q

effect on cell in hypertonic solution

A

water leaves cell

a&p lab (6 decks)

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