Tissue (LAB) Flashcards
Four main types of tissue in the body:
epithelial tissues, connective tissues, muscle, nervous tissue
Tissues of different varieties combined to create
organs
Composed of numerous cells that are closely packed together with no space between cells
epithelial tissue or epithelium
Epithelium is ____ and must rely on the underlying connective tissue to provide _____ and remove _____.
avascular, nutrients, wastes
The basement membrane is found between the ______ and the ______ that lies deep to it. It is composed of a material that helps hold these two tissues together.
epithelium, connective tissue
Have a single layer of cells in the tissue, all of which are in contact with basement membrane.
simple epithelia
These are generally easy to identify because the nuclei of the cells comprising this tissue are arranged neatly in a single row
simple epithelia
More than one layer of cell, only the deepest layer of cells touches the basement membrane.
stratified epithelia
Tissues can range in thickness from as few as two to as many as one hundred cell layers
stratified epithelia
Have a single layer of cells, but give the false appearance of multiple layers
pseudostratified epithelia
Different types of epithelial cells are found in this epithelium and although all of the cells touch basement membrane, not all cells reach the surface of the tissue
pseudostratified epithelia
Nuclei of cells appearing at different “levels” giving the appearance of a multi-layered tissue
pseudostratified epithelia
Four common shapes of epithelial surface cells
squamous cells, cuboidal cells, columnar cells, transitional cells
Flat, scale-like cells that are irregularly shaped polygons when viewed from top, but very flat when viewed from side. “fried egg” appearance
squamous
Irregularly-shaped polygons when viewed from the top, but have a “square” appearance when viewed from the side.
cuboidal
Cells generally are about the same height as they are wide and the nucleus tends to be towards the center of the cell
cuboidal
irregularly-shaped polygons when viewed from top, but are more rectangular shape when viewed from side
columnar
Cells are much taller than they are wide and the nucleus tends to be towards the bottom of the cell.
columnar
Irregularly round no matter what the view, this cell type is rather uncommon
transitional
Lines tiny air sacs of the lungs known as alveoli, separating the blood from the air
simple squamous epithelium
This tissue is also found in the kidney structure known as the glomerulus
simple squamous epithelium
when found inside of a blood vessel, the simple squamous epithelium is referred to as an
endothelium
simple squamous epithelium cover the outside of many of the body organs and lining various body cavities, this tissue is called
mesothelium
forms ducts of many glands of body
simple cuboidal epithelium
forms the entire structure of the thyroid gland
simple cuboidal epithelium
forms most of the tubular system in the kidneys and plays an important role in the formation of urine
simple cuboidal epithelium
Some simple columnar epithelium may also have additional special features:
cilia, microvilli, goblet cells
The lining of the digestive system is composed of a variety that includes microvilli and goblet cells
simple columnar epithelium
The lining of smaller airways contains a _____ that has cilia
simple columnar epithelium
Most varieties contain cilia and goblet cells
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
All of the cells in this epithelium touch the basement membrane, but not all reach the upper surface of the tissue
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Forms the linings of the large airways, such as the trachea and bronchi
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
The thickness of the tissue will vary from as few as 10 layers to as many as 100 layers of cells
stratified squamous epithelium
Forms the epidermis (surface layer) of the skin and mucous membrane; moist entrances to the body such as the mouth, urethra, vaginas, anus
stratified squamous epithelium
Tissue is composed of several layers of large round cells and is found only lining the urinary bladder and the tubing associated with the bladder
transitional epithelium
The large round cells flatten out to cover more surfaces as the bladder fills then round up as the bladder empties
transitional epithelium
This epithelium can withstand stretching without suffering injury
transitional epithelium
____ are also composed of epithelial tissue.
glands
____ produces a secretion (a product used outside of the glandular cells)
glandular tissue
Type of gland that has no duct leading out of the gland to deliver secretion
endocrine gland
These glands depend on the blood to deliver their secretions
endocrine gland
____ produce secretions known as hormones
endocrine gland
_____ have ducts that lead to an epithelia surface to deliver the secretion
exocrine gland
____ are usually categorized by their method of secretion
exocrine gland
Exocrine glands are categorized by their method of secretion which is determined by the amount of cellular material that leaves the gland with the secretion:
Merocrine glands, apocrine glands, holocrine glands
Only the secretion through the duct; no portion of the glandular cell will be found in this secretion, resulting in a secretion with very watery consistency
merocrine gland
lose a small portion of the cell with the secretion during production; the secretion from this type of gland tends to be slightly more viscous (thicker) in texture; may not be present it humans
apocrine gland
lose the entire glandular cell with the secretion, generally producing a very viscous secretion; odor
holocrine gland
Connective tissue is generally found beneath an _____
epithelium
Connect tissue are often categorized by their texture:
soft connect tissue, support connective tissue, fluid connective tissue
Also known as connective tissue proper, are very pliable tissue
soft connective tissues
Connective tissue are more rigid (stiffer) maintaining their shape
support connective tissues
Connect tissue quite different in structure (liquid) than other types of connective tissue, but has been grouped with the connective tissues because of the job they do in the body
fluid connective tissues
_____ is composed of fibers and a ground substance
matrix
The fibers are produced by the connective tissue cells known as ____
fibroblasts
Three types of connective tissue fibers:
collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers
Three types of ground substance:
hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate and proteoglycans, calcium salts
