Tissue damage, tissue healing

Question 1

Define inflammation

Answer 1

A sequence of events that seeks to destroy pathogens and aid in tissue repair. Not synonymous with infection. A response to trauma.

Question 2

Five signs of inflammation

Answer 2

Heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function

Question 3

Cause of heat

Answer 3

Vasodilation

Question 4

Cause of redness

Answer 4

Vasodilation

Question 5

Cause of swelling

Answer 5

Increased vascular permeability

Question 6

Pain

Answer 6

Stretching of pain receptors and nerves by inflammation nocireceptors

Question 7

Loss of function

Answer 7

Protection, pain, disruption of tissue structures

Question 8

Acute inflammatory response

Answer 8

Within 72 hours. Coagulation, fibroblasts form basic collagen. Inflammation. Clearing of necrotic cells within 24 hours

Question 9

Phase one acute inflammatroy response

Answer 9

First two hours- muscle fibre contraction.

Release of protein breakdown products- oedema, tissue hypoxia, cell death.

Phagocytosis begins to rid the area of cell debris and oedema

Question 10

RICE

Answer 10

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation. NSAIDS for short term

Question 11

MEAT

Answer 11

Movement, exercise, analgesics, treatment. ALl of these things will increase blood flow and cell migration and encourage the removal of debris

This is for phase 2

Question 12

Phase Two: Repair/regeneration stage

Answer 12

Fibro-elastic collagen-forming phase. Lasts anywhere from two days to six wells. Fibroblasts begin to synthesise scar tissue. Capillary budding occurs, bringing cross-nutrition to the area and collagen cross-linking.

Number of fibroblasts decreased. Wound contracture begins.

Question 13

Massage in the repair/regeneration phase

Answer 13

Gentle with pain-free ROM

Flushing techniques above injury. Compensations and muscle spasm. Hot/cold therapy. Ice after massage to reduce acute reaction.

Question 14

Phase three: maturation/remodelling

Answer 14

4 weeks- 12 months. Slowly collagen fibres begin to cross-link and promote formation of a scar that is tight and strong. This phase is characterised by the REMODELLING of collagen so as to increase the functional capabilities of the muscle. This is the final aggregation and arrangement of collagen fibres.

Question 15

Massage in the maturation and remodelling phase

Answer 15

Heat, break up adhesions, improve ROM, reduce muscle spasm. Trigger points. Reduce compensations.

Question 16

Factors that affect repair

Answer 16

Age, cell metabolism, blood supply, nutritional state