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Biomechanics Exam I > Tissue Composition > Flashcards

Tissue Composition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four primary components of tissue?

A

Collagen, elastin, ground substance, water

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2
Q

About how many type of collagen are there?

A

At least 15 types

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3
Q

What is unique about the formation of collagen?

A

Continuous metabolic turnover through growth to maturity

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4
Q

When are collagen fibers more stable?

A

At maturity

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5
Q

What is the half-life of collagen fibers?

A

Weeks to months

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6
Q

What type of fiber arrangement is necessary for proper collagen function?

A

Linear/parallel

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7
Q

What cells are responsible for the production and secretion of collagen molecules?

A

Fibroblasts

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8
Q

In what location of the cell do the collagen molecules align in a parallel arrangement?

A

Extracellular matrix

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9
Q

Collagen can stretch up to what percentage of its original length without breaking?

A

110%

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10
Q

How does a ligament change under tensile forces?

A

Increase strength and size

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11
Q

What five things are decreased as a result of ligament degeneration?

A 
Fiber diameter
Fiber density
Fibril number
Collagen mass
Metabolism
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12
Q

Which type of bone cells have increased activity at the sign of the ligament-bone junction?

A

Osteoclasts (bone resorption)

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13
Q

Elastin can stretch to what percentage of its original length without breaking?

A

150%

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14
Q

What is the effect of age on elastic fibers?

A

Lost resiliency
Fragmentation and fraying
Calcification
Increased number of cross-links

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15
Q

What is another term for ground substance?

A

“Cement substances”

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16
Q

What are the contents of ground substance?

A

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), plasma proteins, small proteins, and water

17
Q

What makes up 60-70% of the total connective tissue content of ground substance?

A

Water

18
Q

What is the amorphous gel-like substance that surrounds cells?

A

Ground substance

19
Q

What is a proteoglycan?

A

Protein or peptide to which GAGs are covalently attached

20
Q

What are the four major GAGs?

A

Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitin-4-sulfate
Chondroitin-6-sulfate
Dermatan sulfate

21
Q

What is the term for the movement of water to areas of high concentration?

A

Osmosis

22
Q

What GAG combined with water makes a powerful lubricant?

A

Hyaluronic acid

23
Q

What is the purpose of hyaluronic acid and water lubricating the collagen fibers?

A

Allow free gliding

Prevent excessive cross-linking

Biomechanics Exam I (5 decks)

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