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A & P > Tissue > Flashcards

Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue

A

A collection of similar cells grouped together to perform a common function

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2
Q

Connective tissue

A

Cells are further apart
Supports and connects the body’s tissues and organs.
*Most abundant and diverse tissue in body

Includes connective tissue propper (adipose tissue,ligaments, tendons, cartilage, Osseo tissue (bone) and hemoietid tissue (blood)

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3
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Cells are packed densely together
Cells are arranged in layers
Covers Protects, absorbs and secretes
Found: in skin, lines tubes and organs of body

Flat(squamous)
Square( cuboidal)
Columnar

Single layer (simple)
Multilayer (stratified)
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4
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Skeletal

Cardiac

Smooth

Muscle generates heat and is special for voluntary or involuntary movement (contraction)

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5
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Moves the skeleton

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6
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

Found in the heart. Inventory movement

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7
Q

Smooth/Visceral muscle tissue

A

Found in organs and vessels that move food and bodily fluids

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8
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves and is responsible for transduction and transmission of information to, from and without the central nervous system

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9
Q

Vascular

A

Having blood supply within it

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10
Q

3 main components of connective tissue

A

Protein fibers that provide the structure of the tissue,
cells that live and function among the fibers and

The ground substance where cells and fibers exist.

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11
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

The fibers and ground substance of the tissue that supports, protects and connects the living cells.

The specific nature of the matrix and the kinds of ces in it determine the specific classification of connective tissue

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12
Q

Protein fibers

A

Make up the structural framework of connective tissue.
Collagen

Reticulin

Elastin

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13
Q

Collagen

A

The most abundant protein fiber in the body (CT is the most abundant tissue in body)

Thick, white, cable-like protein fiber high in tensile strength

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14
Q

Reticulin

A

Thin, threadlike and arranged in a delicate web-like pattern resembling the veins of a leaf.
Forms the scaffolding for cells of liver, spleen etc

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15
Q

Elastin

A

Thin, yellowish fiber whose most notable characteristic is elasticity
Useful in tissues that must be able to expand and contract (ex- lung tissue, different than muscles)

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16
Q

Ground substance

A

The non-living substance within which the protein fibers and cells of connective tissue exist
Ex- hyaluronic acid

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17
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Stratified epithelial constructed of cells that appear to change shape as the tissue is stretched

Ex- urinary bladder

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18
Q

Thixotropy

A

A property of hyaluronic acid referring to its ability to become more fluid with stimulation.

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19
Q

Stratified epithelium

A

Epithelium constructed of multiple layers of cells adapted for protection

Ex- Epithelium of the skin

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20
Q

Simple epithelium

A

Epithelium constructed of a single layer of cells adapted for filtration or absorption.

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21
Q

Serous membrane

A

Epithelial membrane that lines organs and cavities exposed to the intern environment

Ex- blood vessels

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22
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium

A

Simple epithelium that appears to be more than one layer due to a difference in cell size and location of nuclei: may possess cilia or microvilli

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23
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Cells that live in and create the extracellular matrix of bone

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24
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Tissue specialed for transduction and transmission of information to, from and within the central nervous system; found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves

Nonconductile (glial cells) supports, protects and insulates

Conductive (neurons) conduct electric impulses

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25
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Tissue that is specialized for contraction: includes skeletal, cardiac and smooth/visceral muscle

Striped (striated)
Smooth (nonstriated)

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26
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Epithelial membrane that lines the organs exposed to the external environment

Ex- the digestive tract

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27
Q

Macrophages

A

White blood cells that patrol connective tissue, engulfing bacteria and other foreign. Pathogens and disposing of damaged tissue in the case of injury

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28
Q

Loose connective tissue proper

A

CT proper composed of a spacious arrangement of cells and protein fibers; the areolar, adipose and reticular

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29
Q

Hyaluronic acid

A

The thixotropic ground substance of connective tissue proper

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30
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Articular cartilage. Most common type of cartilage. Provides support

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31
Q

Goblet cell

A

Unicellular gland found in simple columnar and pseudostratified epithelium that produces ad secretes mucus

32
Q

Gland

A

Epithelium specialized for secretion; can be unicellular or multicellular

33
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

A relatively fibrous and durable type of cartilage, such as in the intervertebral discs and public symphysis

34
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Cells that create and inhabit the extracellular matrix of connective tissue

35
Q

Fascia

A

Connective tissue proper

36
Q

Exocrine gland

A

A gland that secretes through a duct onto a surface or body cavitation that is exposed to the external environment

37
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Tissue that covers the outside of the body and internal organs, lines hollow organs and body cavities, and forms glands;
It is a vascular and characterized by cells that are packed closely together.

Epithelium

38
Q

Epithelial membrane

A

A membrane composed of a layer of epithelium underpaid by a supporting g, nourishing layer of connective tissue

39
Q

Endocrine gland

A

A ductless gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream

40
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Cartilage containing a high amount of elastin that maintains the shape of flexible structures, such as the tip of the nose and the outer ear

41
Q

Dense regular CT PROPER

A

Dense CT with protein fibers arranged in an orderly fashion. In sheets to form Ligaments or aponeuroses, or in cords to form tendons

42
Q

Dense irregular CT proper

A

Dense CT proper with a chaotic arrangement of protein fibers, such as in the dermis of the skin or the periosteum bone

43
Q

Dense connective tissue proper

A

CT proper that contains and abundance of tightly wove. Protein fibers; includes dense reg CT, dense irreg CT, and elastic CT

44
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Epithelial membrane that covers the outside of the body; the skin

45
Q

Connective tissue proper

A

The most prevalent type of connective in the body; can be loose or dense, depending on the amount of protein fibers present.

Fascia

46
Q

Chondroitin sulfate

A

The relatively dense ground substance secreted by chondroblasts in cartilage

47
Q

Chondroblasts

A

Cells that inhabit and create the extracellular matrix if cartilage

48
Q

Cartilage

A

The only CT that is avascular; comprised of collagen and elastin fibers, a relatively dense ground substance card chondroitin sulfate, and cells card condroblasts

49
Q

Bone

A

A connective tissue co.prised of coagen fibers, a ground substance of mineral salts, and cells including osteoblasts.

Osseous tissue

50
Q

Blood

A

The most liquid type of connective tissue. Comprised of a ground substance called plasma, blood cells, and plasma proteins in place of protein fibers

51
Q

avascular

A

Lacking blood supply

52
Q

Arricular cartilage

A

Cartilage most common found at the ends of bones where they articulate in synovial joints

Hyaline cartilage

53
Q

Adipocytes

A

Cells that synthesize and store fats

54
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Loose CT proper with an abundance of adipocytes that is found deep to the skin, around some organs and in the merry cavities of bones

55
Q

Areolar tissue

A

Loose CT proper that wraps and connects organs, muscles, nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels and nearly everything else within the body

56
Q

Chondroblasts

A

Cells that produce the protein fibers in cartilage

57
Q

What is the ground substance for cartilage

A

Chondroitin sulfate

58
Q

What are the protein fibers of cartilage

A

Collagen and elastin

59
Q

What are 3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline (sliding surface of joints)

Fibrocartilage (cushioning, stabilizer (intervertebral discs, public symphysis)

Elastic (in your nose and ear)

60
Q

What types of cells make up cartilage

A

Chondroblasts and white blood cells

61
Q

What are 4 types of connective tissue

A

Blood

Connective tissue proper (fascia)

Cartilage

Bone

62
Q

What is the ground substance of CT proper

A

Hyaluronic acid

63
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Aka epithelium

Cells are packed tightly together
Avascular
Specified for protection, absorption and secretion
Secretes substances like mucus, saliva, oil, sweat

2 types-
Protects and absorbs - “covering and lining” epithelium

Secreting- “glandular epithelium “

64
Q

Epithelial tissue with multiple layers of flat cells

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

65
Q

A single layer of square cells

A

Simple cuboid epithelium

66
Q

3 shapes of epithelial tissue cells

A

Sqaumous

Cuboidal

Columnar

67
Q

Squamous cells

A

Flat, Fast absorption and diffusion, make thin membranes

Flat nucleus

68
Q

Cuboidal cells

A

Cube shaped, absorb nutrients and produce secretions

Circular shaped nucleus

69
Q

Columnar cells

A

Tall, thick, cushion underlying tissues, absorb nutrients, produce secretions

Elipsoidal shaped nucleus

70
Q

Glandular epithelium

A

Endocrine glands

Exocrine glands

71
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secrete hormones right into your bloodstream or to nearby cells

Ex , thyroid gland- Thyroxine

72
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secret juices into the tubes or ducts that lead to the outside of the body.

Ex- Sweat, saliva, stomach acid, breast milk

73
Q

Areolar

A

Most common loose connective tissue
Found all over body just under epithelial tissue and wrapped around organs .

Loose arrangement of fibers, few cells

74
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Fat tissue, stores lipids for later use, insulates

Mostly made up of cells

75
Q

Reticular tissue

A

Reticular fibers instead of collagen and elastin

Holds blood in place in your organs

A & P (7 decks)

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