Tissue Flashcards
Tissue
A collection of similar cells grouped together to perform a common function
Connective tissue
Cells are further apart
Supports and connects the body’s tissues and organs.
*Most abundant and diverse tissue in body
Includes connective tissue propper (adipose tissue,ligaments, tendons, cartilage, Osseo tissue (bone) and hemoietid tissue (blood)
Epithelial tissue
Cells are packed densely together
Cells are arranged in layers
Covers Protects, absorbs and secretes
Found: in skin, lines tubes and organs of body
Flat(squamous)
Square( cuboidal)
Columnar
Single layer (simple) Multilayer (stratified)
Muscle tissue
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Muscle generates heat and is special for voluntary or involuntary movement (contraction)
Skeletal muscle tissue
Moves the skeleton
Cardiac muscle tissue
Found in the heart. Inventory movement
Smooth/Visceral muscle tissue
Found in organs and vessels that move food and bodily fluids
Nervous tissue
Found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves and is responsible for transduction and transmission of information to, from and without the central nervous system
Vascular
Having blood supply within it
3 main components of connective tissue
Protein fibers that provide the structure of the tissue,
cells that live and function among the fibers and
The ground substance where cells and fibers exist.
Extracellular matrix
The fibers and ground substance of the tissue that supports, protects and connects the living cells.
The specific nature of the matrix and the kinds of ces in it determine the specific classification of connective tissue
Protein fibers
Make up the structural framework of connective tissue.
Collagen
Reticulin
Elastin
Collagen
The most abundant protein fiber in the body (CT is the most abundant tissue in body)
Thick, white, cable-like protein fiber high in tensile strength
Reticulin
Thin, threadlike and arranged in a delicate web-like pattern resembling the veins of a leaf.
Forms the scaffolding for cells of liver, spleen etc
Elastin
Thin, yellowish fiber whose most notable characteristic is elasticity
Useful in tissues that must be able to expand and contract (ex- lung tissue, different than muscles)
Ground substance
The non-living substance within which the protein fibers and cells of connective tissue exist
Ex- hyaluronic acid
Transitional epithelium
Stratified epithelial constructed of cells that appear to change shape as the tissue is stretched
Ex- urinary bladder
Thixotropy
A property of hyaluronic acid referring to its ability to become more fluid with stimulation.
Stratified epithelium
Epithelium constructed of multiple layers of cells adapted for protection
Ex- Epithelium of the skin
Simple epithelium
Epithelium constructed of a single layer of cells adapted for filtration or absorption.
Serous membrane
Epithelial membrane that lines organs and cavities exposed to the intern environment
Ex- blood vessels
Pseudostratified epithelium
Simple epithelium that appears to be more than one layer due to a difference in cell size and location of nuclei: may possess cilia or microvilli
Osteoblasts
Cells that live in and create the extracellular matrix of bone
Nervous tissue
Tissue specialed for transduction and transmission of information to, from and within the central nervous system; found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves
Nonconductile (glial cells) supports, protects and insulates
Conductive (neurons) conduct electric impulses
Muscle tissue
Tissue that is specialized for contraction: includes skeletal, cardiac and smooth/visceral muscle
Striped (striated)
Smooth (nonstriated)
Mucous membrane
Epithelial membrane that lines the organs exposed to the external environment
Ex- the digestive tract
Macrophages
White blood cells that patrol connective tissue, engulfing bacteria and other foreign. Pathogens and disposing of damaged tissue in the case of injury
Loose connective tissue proper
CT proper composed of a spacious arrangement of cells and protein fibers; the areolar, adipose and reticular
Hyaluronic acid
The thixotropic ground substance of connective tissue proper
Hyaline cartilage
Articular cartilage. Most common type of cartilage. Provides support
Goblet cell
Unicellular gland found in simple columnar and pseudostratified epithelium that produces ad secretes mucus
Gland
Epithelium specialized for secretion; can be unicellular or multicellular
Fibrocartilage
A relatively fibrous and durable type of cartilage, such as in the intervertebral discs and public symphysis
Fibroblasts
Cells that create and inhabit the extracellular matrix of connective tissue
Fascia
Connective tissue proper
Exocrine gland
A gland that secretes through a duct onto a surface or body cavitation that is exposed to the external environment
Epithelial tissue
Tissue that covers the outside of the body and internal organs, lines hollow organs and body cavities, and forms glands;
It is a vascular and characterized by cells that are packed closely together.
Epithelium
Epithelial membrane
A membrane composed of a layer of epithelium underpaid by a supporting g, nourishing layer of connective tissue
Endocrine gland
A ductless gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream
Elastic cartilage
Cartilage containing a high amount of elastin that maintains the shape of flexible structures, such as the tip of the nose and the outer ear
Dense regular CT PROPER
Dense CT with protein fibers arranged in an orderly fashion. In sheets to form Ligaments or aponeuroses, or in cords to form tendons
Dense irregular CT proper
Dense CT proper with a chaotic arrangement of protein fibers, such as in the dermis of the skin or the periosteum bone
Dense connective tissue proper
CT proper that contains and abundance of tightly wove. Protein fibers; includes dense reg CT, dense irreg CT, and elastic CT
Cutaneous membrane
Epithelial membrane that covers the outside of the body; the skin
Connective tissue proper
The most prevalent type of connective in the body; can be loose or dense, depending on the amount of protein fibers present.
Fascia
Chondroitin sulfate
The relatively dense ground substance secreted by chondroblasts in cartilage
Chondroblasts
Cells that inhabit and create the extracellular matrix if cartilage
Cartilage
The only CT that is avascular; comprised of collagen and elastin fibers, a relatively dense ground substance card chondroitin sulfate, and cells card condroblasts
Bone
A connective tissue co.prised of coagen fibers, a ground substance of mineral salts, and cells including osteoblasts.
Osseous tissue
Blood
The most liquid type of connective tissue. Comprised of a ground substance called plasma, blood cells, and plasma proteins in place of protein fibers
avascular
Lacking blood supply
Arricular cartilage
Cartilage most common found at the ends of bones where they articulate in synovial joints
Hyaline cartilage
Adipocytes
Cells that synthesize and store fats
Adipose tissue
Loose CT proper with an abundance of adipocytes that is found deep to the skin, around some organs and in the merry cavities of bones
Areolar tissue
Loose CT proper that wraps and connects organs, muscles, nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels and nearly everything else within the body
Chondroblasts
Cells that produce the protein fibers in cartilage
What is the ground substance for cartilage
Chondroitin sulfate
What are the protein fibers of cartilage
Collagen and elastin
What are 3 types of cartilage
Hyaline (sliding surface of joints)
Fibrocartilage (cushioning, stabilizer (intervertebral discs, public symphysis)
Elastic (in your nose and ear)
What types of cells make up cartilage
Chondroblasts and white blood cells
What are 4 types of connective tissue
Blood
Connective tissue proper (fascia)
Cartilage
Bone
What is the ground substance of CT proper
Hyaluronic acid
Epithelial tissue
Aka epithelium
Cells are packed tightly together
Avascular
Specified for protection, absorption and secretion
Secretes substances like mucus, saliva, oil, sweat
2 types-
Protects and absorbs - “covering and lining” epithelium
Secreting- “glandular epithelium “
Epithelial tissue with multiple layers of flat cells
Stratified squamous epithelium
A single layer of square cells
Simple cuboid epithelium
3 shapes of epithelial tissue cells
Sqaumous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Squamous cells
Flat, Fast absorption and diffusion, make thin membranes
Flat nucleus
Cuboidal cells
Cube shaped, absorb nutrients and produce secretions
Circular shaped nucleus
Columnar cells
Tall, thick, cushion underlying tissues, absorb nutrients, produce secretions
Elipsoidal shaped nucleus
Glandular epithelium
Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands
Secrete hormones right into your bloodstream or to nearby cells
Ex , thyroid gland- Thyroxine
Exocrine glands
Secret juices into the tubes or ducts that lead to the outside of the body.
Ex- Sweat, saliva, stomach acid, breast milk
Areolar
Most common loose connective tissue
Found all over body just under epithelial tissue and wrapped around organs .
Loose arrangement of fibers, few cells
Adipose tissue
Fat tissue, stores lipids for later use, insulates
Mostly made up of cells
Reticular tissue
Reticular fibers instead of collagen and elastin
Holds blood in place in your organs
