Skin Flashcards
Acid mantle
The slightly acidic film of skin secretions that render the surface of the skin less hospitable to harmful microbes
Adipose layer
Subcutaneous layer
Arrector pili
Smooth muscle attaching the base of each hair follicle to the tops of the dermis;
When contracted, cause hair to stand straight up
Basement membrane
A composite of reticulin fibers and mucoproteins that cement the epidermis and dermis to form skin
Dermis
The dense irregular connective tissue layer of skin deep to the epidermis and rich in blood, lymph, and nerves
Epidermal derivatives
Specialized structures of hair and glands found in skin that arise from the epidermis and dip deep into the dermis
Epidermis
The stratified squamous epithelium layer of the ski , avascular and superficial to the dermis
Free nerve endings
Bare, unencapsulated endings of nerve cells i the epidermis and dermis that can detect temperature, touch, and tissue damage that may register as pain
Hypodermis
Subcutaneous layer
Keratin
A tough, waxy, water-resistant protein produced by keratinocytes
Keratinization
The process by which keratinocytes gradually fill with keratin
Keratinocytes
The most common cell in the epidermis, which produce and fill with keratin as they migrate to the surface, die and are sloughed off
Lamellar granules
Lipids secreting organelles in keratinkcytes that assist in waterproofing the skin
Langerhans cells
Immune cells in stratum spinosum that protect against pathogens and abnorm cell growth
Meissner’s corpuscles
Encapsulated cutaneous sensory receptors located in the papillary layer of the dermis that assist in sensing light touch
Melanin
The protein pigment produced by melanocytes that gives skin color and protects jt from ultraviolet radiation
Melanocytes
Cells of stratum basalt that produce the melanin
Merkel cell
Cells found in stratum Badgley that assist in cutaneous sensation such as light touch
Merkel discs
Nerve endings found just deepness the epidermis that interface with the Merkel cells in stratum basale
Painting corpuscles
Encapsulated cutaneous sensory receptors located in the reticular layer of the dermis that assis in sensing pressure
Papillae
Wave- or finger-like protrusions of the dermis that protrude into the epidermis, often contain nerve receptors, and produce the appearance of fingerprints
Papillary layer
Superficial layer of the dermis named for the presence of papilae
Reticular layer
Deel layer of the dermis containing most of the accessory structures of the skin
Sebaceous (oil) gland
Gland of the ski. That secretes sebum into hair follicles, helping with pliability and waterproofing of hair.
Sebum
An oily mixture of lipids secreted by sebaceous glands
Skin
The cutaneous membrane comprised of the superficial, epithelial layer of the epidermis and the deeper, connective tissue layer of dermis, joined together by a basement membrane
Stratum badale
The deepest layer of the epidermis, comprised of a single, germinating layer of cuboid cells
Stratum corneum
The most superficial layer of the epidermis, comprised of dead, flattened keratinocytes that are completely filled with keratin
Subcutaneous layer
Layer of adipose tissue deep to the skin; an hors skin to deep fascia and acts as communicative, protective, nutritive, insulating layer rich in blood, lymph and nerve
Also called hypodermis, superficial fascia and adipose layer
Sudoriferous (sweat) gland
Gland in the dermis with a tubular neck that spirals out through the epidermis to pores at the surface of the skin
Thick skin
Skin with an epidermis composed of all five layers including stratum luckdum; found only on palms, fingertips and soles of the feet
Thin skin
Skin with a four-layered epidermis, lacking stratum lucidhm; found everywhere on the body except palms, fingertips, and soles of the feet
What are four primary types of membranes
Mucous
Serous
Synovial
Cutaneous
Mucous Membrane
Location: lining cavities open to external environment. Ex- respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, female repro tract
Function: Protection and produces mucous
Serrous Membrane
Function- protection, produces serous fluid
Location- lining cavities closed to the external environment and covering organs
Ex- Peritoneum, Pleura, Pericardium
Synovial Membrane
Connective tissue membrane, lines synovial joint capsules
Has a thick fibrous connective tissue layer on the outside and a thin internal layer of epithelium. The epithelial layer secretes synovial fluid which reduces friction and wear to the bone ends during movement.
It also serves ad the medium for butrient and waste exchange for the cartilage that covers the bones
Ex- Shoulder, Elbow, Hip, Knee, Ankle
Cutaneous Membrane
Functuon- protection
Location- covers the body
Ex-skin
Membrane
Broad, flat sheet of at least two layers of tissue
5 strata of the epidermis (top layer of skin)
Horny layer ( stratum corneum)
Glassy layer (stratum lucidum)
Granular layer ( stratum granulosum)
Spiny layer (stratum spinosum)
Germinating layer (stratum germinativum or stratum basale)
Horny layer/stratum corneum
Outermost stratum of skin consists of 20 to 30 layers of dead keratinized cells that form a protective barrier.
Glassy layer /stratum lucidum)
Present in areas where the skin is thickest such as palms, fingertips,soles of feet. Densely packed cells are flat, dead and full of keratin.
Granular layer/strata granulosum
Contains specialized granules in the keratinocytes that release a lipid secretion that make them water resistant -like. Cells in this layer of skin replace their cytoplasm with keratin
Spiny layer/ stratum spinosum
Contains about 10 layers of cells. Contains langerhans cells- immune cells, that help protect the body from organisms that penetrate the superficial epidermis.
Germinating layer (stratum germinativum/ stratum basale)
The keratinocytes in this layer continually undergo mitosis (reproduce) to create new cells which helps the skin heal quickly.
